Tort Law_6th Edition_J. Stanley Edwards
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| Action in Trespass "vi et armis" | Early cause of action involving serious, forcible breaches of peace that evolved to encompass even minor physical contact; no showing of fault was required.
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| Beyond a Reasonable Doubt | Standard of proof requiring a showing of almost absolute certainty for each element.
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| Black-letter Law | Legal principles generally accepted by the legal community.
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| Case Law | Case-by-case decision making by the court.
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| Clear and Convincing Evidence | Clear and convincing evidence requires a higher burden of persuasion than "preponderance of the evidence" but less than that required by "proof beyond a reasonable doubt." In most states the standard requires the judge or jury to find the evidence submitted is substantially more likely to be true than not true.
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| Nolo Contendere | Pleas of "no contest"; not an admission of guilt.
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| Preponderance of the Evidence | Standard of proof requiring a showing that each element is more probable than not.
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| Public Policy | Policy of the public or a community that dictates the norms of the community based on its beliefs and values regarding justice, fairness, and equality.
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| Restitution | Compensation given for a crime given to the victim.
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| Slippery-Slope Argument | Argument that once you take a first step in allowing something in one instance, you are in danger of sliding the "slippery slope" into a bottomless pit of circumstances requiring comparable treatment.
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| Tort | Civil wrong for which victim receives compensation in the form of damages.
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| Tortfeasor | One who has committed a tort.
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| Trespass on the Case | Early cause of action involving injuries inflicted indirectly and requiring some showing of fault.
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