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Heredity

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Term
Definition
allele   alternative form of a gene  
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autosomes   non sex chromosomes  
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carrier   someone who carries a normal gene along with its recessive allele  
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genes   segments of DNA that contain the traits each person inherits  
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genetics   the study of heredity or inheritance  
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genome   a complete set of genetic information for one person  
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genotype   the genetic information stored at the locus of a gene, even if those traits are not expressed  
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heredity   the passing of traits form biological parents to children  
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heterozygous   possessing different alleles at a given locus  
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homozygous   possessing similar alleles at a given locus  
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homologous   similar in structure, such as two similar chromosomes that are paired together  
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karyotype   a chart showing all the chromosomes arranged in order by size and structure  
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locus   the location of a specific gene on a chromosome  
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mutation   a permanent change in genetic material  
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nondisjunction   when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis  
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phenotype   the detectable, outward manifestation of a genotype  
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polygenic inheritance   phenomenon whereby genes at two or more loci contribute to the expression of a single trait  
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sec chromosomes   chromosomes designated by the letters X and Y determine gender  
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