"Genes Within Populations" Evolutionary Biology, BIO 152 CSU Chico
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| inheritance of acquired characteristics | changes that individuals acquired during their lives were passed on to their offspring.
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| population genetics | the study of the properties of genes in populations
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| the requirements to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | no mutation, no genes are transferred to or from other sources, mating is random, population size is very large, no selection occurs.
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| gene flow | the movement of alleles from one population to another
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| assortive mating | phenotypically similar individuals mate
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| genetic drift | frequencies of particular alleles may change drastically by chance alone
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| founder effect | one or a few individuals disperse and become the founders of a new, isolated population at some distance from their place of origin
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| bottleneck effect | populations may be drastically reduced in size, this may result from flooding , drought, epidemic disease, and other natural forces, or from changes in the environment
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| fitness | quantify reproductive success
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| frequency-dependent selection | the fitness of a phenotype depends on its frequency within the population
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| oscillating | selection favors one phenotype at one time and another phenotype at another time
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| heterozygote advantage | favors individuals with copies of both alleles and thus works to maintain both alleles in the population
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| disruption selection | selection acts to eliminate intermediate types
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| directional selection | selection acts to eliminate one extreme from an array of phenotypes, the genes promoting this extreme become less frequent in the population and may eventually disappear
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| stabilizing selection | selection acts to eliminate both extremes from an array of phenotypes, increasing the frequency of the already common intermediate type
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| assortive mating a. affects genotype frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium b. affects allele frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium c.has no effect on the genotypic frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg | a. affects genotype frequencies expected under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
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| relative fitness a. refers to the survival rate of one phenotype compared to that of another b.refers to the reproductive success of a phenotype d. none | a. refers to the survival rate of one phenotype compared to that of another
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