This is a great review of Pharmacology terms that may appear in the EOPA.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Pharmacy Aide | Helps licensed pharmacists with clerical duties.
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| Retail Pharmacy | Independently owned, a chain, or a franchise.
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| Hospital Pharmacy | prepares IV medications, stocks nursing stations, and may deliver medications to clients' rooms.
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| Pharmaceutical Representatives | distribute information to health care workers, traveling to pharmacies, clinics, and hospitals to meet with doctors, nurses, and pharmacists.
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| Route of administration | the way medication is to be taken - by mouth, ear drops, eye drops, IV, etc.
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| a.c. | before meals
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| ad lib. | as desired
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| BID | twice a day
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| h.s. | bedtime; hour of sleep
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| q.d. | every day
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| q.h. | every hour
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| q.i.d. | every 4 hours
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| stat | immediately
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| npo | nothing by mouth
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| Pharmacognosy | study of drugs that are naturally derived from plants or animals
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| MOA | specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect
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| binding | when a drug combines with a chemical in the body
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| antihistamines | used to treat allergies
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| receptors | proteins found in cells
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| enzymes | proteins in the body that speed up chemical reactions
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| local side effects | occur before a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream such as irritated stomach, dry throat, diarrhea.
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| systemic side effects | occur after a drug is absorbed into the blood stream such as allergic reaction
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| antibiotics | used to kill bacteria that are growing in the body.
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| chemotherapy | uses drugs to kill cells by disrupting an essential process within the cell.
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| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels
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| ACE inhibitors | class of drugs that regulate blood pressure
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| Beta-1 Blockers | decreases the heart rate
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| Beta-2 Agonists | dilate the small airways of the bronchioles
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| H2Antagonists | decrease the amount of acid secreted into the stomach following a meal
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| Proton Pump Inhibitors | reduce stomach acid
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| Narcotic analgesics | reduce pain
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| Onset of action | the time needed before a drug takes effect
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| parenteral routes | metered-dose inhaler, transdermal patch, injections, intravenous medicines
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| oral routes of administration | tablet, capsule, or liquid
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| injections | used when a local effect is needed
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| transdermal patch | designed to deliver a constant amount of drug over an extended period of time (24 hours)
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| subcutaneous | injection into the fatty layer just beneath the skin
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| intramuscular | injection into a muscle
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| metered dose | medications are given through the inhalation route of administration for rapid action
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| gauge | a measurement of the needles thickness
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| therapeutic range | the goal of drug treatment is to get the correct plasma concentration
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| absorption | process by which a drug enters the plasma
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| diffusion | random movement of molecules from an area where they are concentrated toward areas where they are less concentrated.
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| distribution | where the drug goes after entering the plasma
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| transformation | chemical change that takes place in a drug after it has been absorbed by the body
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| elimination | process that removes a drug from the body
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| loading dose | a large initial dose of a drug in the plasma that helps to reach the therapeutic range more quickly
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| maintenance dose | smaller dose given at regular intervals to keep the plasma concentration in the therapeutic range.
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| 1 mL | 1 cc
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| 1 tsp | 5 mL
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| kilo | 1000
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| deci | .10
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| centi | .01
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