Pharmacology of the Urogenital System
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| Which drug is used for hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal syndrome? | Estrogen
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| Which drugs can be used for the treatment of osteoporosis? | Estrogen and Raloxifene
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| What are the uses of estrogen therapy? | Hormone replacement therapy, osteoporosis, heart attack prevention, oral contraceptives, prostate, breast and endometrial cancer, dysmenorrhea, infertility, acne, hirsutism, and primary hypogonadism
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| What are the antiestrogens? | Tamoxifene and Clomiphine citrate
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| What are the uses of antiestrogens? | Infertility and breast cancer
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| What is the use of raloxifene? | Osteoporosis
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| What are the aromatase inhibitors? | Nonselective aromatase inhibitors: Aminoglutithemide
Selective: Anastrazole and Fadrozole
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| What are the uses of aromatase inhibitors? | Breast cancer
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| What are the uses of progesterone therapy? | OCP, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer, abortion, maintaining pregnancy, and endometriosis
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| What are the anti-progestin drugs? | Mefipristone
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| What are the uses of anti-progestin drugs? | Abortifacient, induction of labor, progesterone dependent cancers, and Cushing's syndrome
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| What are the uses of Gossypol? | Male contraception
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| What are the uses of Ethinylestradiol, DES, and mestranol? | Morning-after, emergency pills
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| Which drugs are used in combined oral contraceptive pills? | Ethinylestradiol/Mestranol + Norgestrel
Ethinylestradiol/Mestranol + Norethisterone
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| What are the side effects of estrogen therapy? | Postmenopausal uterine bleeding
Nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, weight gain
Salt and water retention
Increased BP, thromboembolism, endometrial cancer, and teratogenicity
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| What are the side effects of progesterone therapy? | Depression, weight gain, and salt-water retention
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| What are the side effects of Mefipristone/Anti-progestin? | Delayed ovulation and bleeding
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| What are the side effects of Gossypol? | Interfering with fertility
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| What are the side effects of OCPs? | Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headaches, nervousness, depression
Salt and water retention, increased BP, thromboembolism, MI, Vaginal yeast growth, amennorhea, infertility, atrophy of the hypothalamus
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| How is Raloxifene administered? | Orally
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| How is medroxyprogesterone/ Progesterone/Provera administered? | Intramuscularly or Subdermally
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| What are the contraindications of OCP use? | History of thromboembolism, severe headaches, severe nausea, vomiting, liver dysfunction, pregnancy, and abnormal menstrual cycles
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| Which drugs can interact with OCPs? | Ampicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and co-trimaxole
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| What is the effect on OCPs if they are administered with the drugs they interact with? | Their metabolism is decreased
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| Which drugs when con-administered with OCPs can increase their metabolism? | Phenobarbitone, phenytoin, ethosximide, rifampicin, and griseofulvin
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| What are the uses of PULSATILE GnRH administration? | Diagnosis, Deficiency, hypogonadism in males and females, ovulation, delayed puberty, amenorrhea, and crytorchidism
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| What is a possible cause of GnRH deficiency? | Kallman's syndrome
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| What are the uses of CONTINUOUS GnRH administration? | Cancer of the prostate and breast
Endometriosis, IVF, precocious puberty, uterine fibroids, uterine leiomyomas, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
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| What are the GnRH antagonists? | Ganirelix
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| What are the uses of GnRH antagonists? | IVF
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| What are the uses of hCG? | Infertility due to LH and FSH deficiency,
IVF with menotropin, supress ovulation, and crytorchidism
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| What are the side effects of GnRH use? | Headache, abdominal pain, sweating, facial flushing, hot flashes, and osteoporosis
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| What are the side effects of hCG use? | Allergy, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple births, production of specific antibodies, precocious puberty, gynecomastia, and ovarian tumors
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| What are the clinical manifestations of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome? | Fever, abdominal pain, ovarian enlargement, ascites, pleural effusion, arterial thrombosis, hemoperitoneum, shock, and death
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| What are the drugs we use in GnRH treatment? | Leuprolide acetate, Triptorelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, Nafarelin, and Busereline
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| How is GnRH administered? | SC, IM, IV, Subdermal, intranasal, and Suppository
Nafarelin is only administered Intranasal
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| How is Ganirelix/GnRH antagonist administered? | SC
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| How is hCG administered? | IM
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| Can GnRH be used for contraception? | No
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