SPC Cardiopulmonary Physiology Final Exam Unit 4 Review
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| High V/Q Ratio & Location? | 4/4=1.0
Apical Region Of Upper Right Lung
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| Low V/Q Ration & Location? | 3/5=0.6
Basal Region Of Lower Right Lung
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| Disease/Disorders of High V/Q? | (Deadspace)
1. Pulmonary Emboli
2. Circulatory Shock
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| Disease/Disorders of Low V/Q? | (Shunt)
1. Atelectasis
2. Pulmonary Edema
3. Pneumonia
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| Fick's Law: Gas diffusion across a tissue (A/C) membrane is DIRECTLY PROPOSTIONAL to what? | 1. Membrane Surface Area
2. Gas Pressure Gradient
3. Gas's Pressure Coefficient
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| Fick's Law: Gas diffusion across a tissue (A/C) membrane is INVERSELY PROPOSTIONAL to what? | 1. Membrane Thickness
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| Hemoglobin "A" is protein base composed of what? | 1. 2 Alpha Polypeptide Chains
2. 2 Beta Polypeptide Chains
3. 4 Heme (Iron) Groups (each heme combines w/ an O2 molecule)
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| What is P50? | The partial pressure required to saturate the Hb to a 50% level
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| Normal P50? | 27mmHg
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| Decrease P50? | <20mmHg
Left Shift: (Load)
O2 Loading Easier in Lung
O2 Unloading Harder in Tissue
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| Increase P50? | >35mmHg
Right Shift: (Release)
O2 Loading is Harder in Lung
O2 Unloading is Easier in Tissue
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| P50 Left Shift Factors? | Increase pH (Alkalemia)
1. Decrease CO2
2. Hypothermia
3. Decrease 2,3 DPG
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| P50 Right Shift Factors? | Decrease pH (Acidemia)
1. Increase CO2
2. Hyperthermia
3. Increase 2,3 DPG
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| What are the 3 altered Hemoglobin's? | 1. Methemoglobin
2. Carboxyhemoglobin
3. Fetal Hemoglobin
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| What is Methemoglobin (MHb)? | A congenital or chemically induced alteration of the HEME portion of Hb: Decrease P50
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| What is Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)? | Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning or cigarette smoking: Decrease P50
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| What is Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF)? | Seen in fetus and neonate, converted to HbA by 6mo. Altered 2,3 DPG binding noted with HbF
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| Formula for DO2? | C.O. x (CaO2 x 10) = DO2
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| Normal Value for DO2? | 1000ml/min
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| Formula for O2 Consumption? | C.O. (Ca-vO2 x 10) = O2 Consumption
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| Normal Value for O2 Consumption? | 250ml/min
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| 4 factors that increase O2 Consumption? | 1. Exercise
2. Seizures
3. Shivering
4. Hyperthermia
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| 3 factors that decrease O2 Consumption? | 1. Peripheral Shunting
2. Cyanide Poisoning
3. Hypothermia
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| Normal Value for Ca-vO2? | 20-15=5ml O2/dL
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| 6 factors that increase Ca-vO2? | 1. Decrease C.O.
2. Increase O2 Consumption
3. Exercise
4. Seizures
5. Shivering
6. Hyperthermia
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| 5 factors that decrease Ca-vO2? | 1. Increase C.O.
2. Decrease O2 Consumption
3. Peripheral Shunting
4. Cyanide Poisoning
5. Hypothermia
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| Formula for O2ER? | (CaO2-CvO2)/CaO2) = O2ER
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| 6 factors that increase O2ER? | 1. Decrease C.O.
2. Increase O2 Consumption
3. Exercise
4. Seizures
5. Shivering
6. Hyperthermia
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| 5 factors that decrease O2ER? | 1. Increase C.O.
2. Decrease O2 Consumption
3. Peripheral Shunting
4. Cyanide Poisoning
5. Hypothermia
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| Formula for Qs/Qt? | (CcO2 - CaO2)/(CcO2 - CvO2) = Qs/Qt
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| Normal Qs/Qt? | <10%
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| Mild Qs/Qt? | 10-20%
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| Moderate Qs/Qt? | 20-30%
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| Severe Qs/Qt? | >30%
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