Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Def of soil | Soil is the thin ,Ayer of loose material that covers the earths surface. Formed over a long period of time by process of denudation.
🗑
|
||||
| Soil composition | 45% mineral matter
25% air
25% water
4% humus
1% living organisms
🗑
|
||||
| Mineral matter | Consists of broken down material left by the weathering and erosion of rocks. These particles contain nutrients that help the plants to grow.
🗑
|
||||
| Water | Helps plants to grow. Dissolves the minerals and nutrients in the soil which allows plants to absorb them through their routes
🗑
|
||||
| Air | Found in spaces between soil particles. It is essential for plant growth as it supplies oxygen and nitrogen. Air space also allows water to pass through the soil.
🗑
|
||||
| Humus | Dark jelly like substance that is rich in nutrients. It is formed by the remains of dead plants, leaves and creatures which are broken down and decay(humilification). L.O mix this through the soil. Helps bind soil together and increase fertility.
🗑
|
||||
| Living organisms | Burrow through the soil allowing water and air to pass through. This helps mix soil. M.O such as fungi and bacteria help break down dead plants and creatures to form humus-increases soil fertility.
🗑
|
||||
| Factors of soil formation | Climate, parent rock, vegetation, living organisms, relief, time, human activity.
🗑
|
||||
| Climate | Rainfall and temp determine rate of weathering and erosion of P.R
Cold areas-freeze thaw action-slowly-thin soil
Hot areas-chemical weathering-rapidly-deep soil
Wet areas-leaching washes nutrients to deep into soil-infertile
🗑
|
||||
| Parent rock | Type of rock influences development of soil.
Slowly-poor,thin,acidic-granite
Quickly-deep,rich,fertile-limestone
🗑
|
||||
| Living organisms | M.O break down veg and creatures in soil- forms humus
Earth worms and others burrow through soil and mix humus in
Also allows air and water to pass through
🗑
|
||||
| Relief | Or shape of land has an impact on soil
Highland-wetter-leaching-infertile
Lowland-deeper-well drained-more fertile-more plantlife-humus-ferrtile
🗑
|
||||
| Time | Length if time it takes for soil to develop depends on the type of rock in area. It can take 400 yrs for 1cm of soil
🗑
|
||||
| Human activity | Can influence make up and quality of soil
Ploughing,irrigation,fertilisers can make soil more fertile.
Removal of veg and overuse of soil can strip it of its nutrients-less fertile- can lead to soil erosion
🗑
|
||||
| Soil profile | O H/plant litter-surface-dead plant material(leaves and twigs)
A H/topsoil-dark brown-highest humus content-most L.O
B H/subsoil-lighter than A-more mineral matter and stones(closer)
C H/parent rock-consists of rock particles and solid bedrock
🗑
|
||||
| Soil processes | Leaching-wet climate where there is excess water
- excess water washes nutrients and humus through AH
-minerals gather and harden into crust(hard pan)
-hp is impermeable so water cannot pass-waterlog inferti
🗑
|
||||
| Soil processes | Erosion- removal of soil by water,wind and human activity such as
Deforestation, over grazing,over cultivation.
🗑
|
||||
| Soil texture | Sand-dry,light,gritty-<70% sand-well drained-cause soil to lose nutrients and suffer when drought
Clay-heavy as clay particles prevent water passing through-waterlogging-hard to plough-pastoral farming
Loam-sand and clay-well drained,retain minerals....
🗑
|
||||
| Brown earth | Formed in areas where there was deciduous forests
Low precipitation level
Dark brown-rich organic humus
Fertile tops soil-good for growing crops
Most common soil in Ireland
🗑
|
||||
| Human interference-deforestation | Veg binds soil together,absorbs rainfall and controls surf run off
Decaying veg retains nutrients to soil as it forms humus
Removal exposes soil to elements(wind,water)-soil erosion
Can be flooding, no veg cover in low lying areas
Soil go down by rain
🗑
|
||||
| Solutions to human activities | Reaforestation, control felling
🗑
|
||||
|
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Orlaf
Popular Geography sets