Drugs of Abuse
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| abstinence | Sustained avoidance of substance use.
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| addiction | A compulsive, uncontrollable craving for and dependence on a substance to such a degree that cessation causes severe emotional, mental, or physiologic reactions.
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| brain reward system | “pleasure center” -- an ancient system that creates the sensation of pleasure for certain behaviors necessary for survival, such as eating and sexual behavior.
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| chemical impairment | A term used by health professionals to describe behaviors related to the effects of drugs or substances on performance.
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| craving | Subjective need for a substance, usually experienced after decreased use or abstinence. Cue-induced craving is stimulated in the presence of situations previously associated with drug taking.
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| cross-tolerance |
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| cue-induced craving |
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| dependence |
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| detoxification |
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| drug abuse |
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| drug addiction | defined and considered drug use inconsistent with medical or social norms. It generally refers to an overindulgence of a chemical substance that results in a negative impact on the psychological, physical, or social functioning of an individual.
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| drug misuse, | generally refers to indiscriminate or recreational use of a chemical substance or its use for purposes other than those for which it is intended.
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| intoxication |
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| Korsakoff's psychosis |
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| opioids |
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| physical dependence |
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| potentiation |
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| psychological dependence |
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| relapse |
Return to substance use during abstinence.
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| tolerance, |
Decreased effect of a substance that results from repeated exposure. It is possible to develop cross-tolerance to other substances in the same category.
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| Wernicke's encephalopathy |
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| withdrawal syndrome | Constellation of physiologic and psychological responses that occur when there is abrupt cessation or reduced intake of a substance on which an individual is dependent or when the effect is counteracted by a specific antagonist.
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