worktest questions for Unit 2
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| Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants? | A) elimination of sperm cells or nuclei B) decrease in the size of the leaf C) replacement of roots by rhizoids D) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle E) increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together (30-2) | show 🗑
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| show | A) their gametophytes are completely enclosed within sporophyte tissue B) having no stomata, they lose less water C) eggs and sperm need not be produced D) they disperse by means of seeds E) diploid plants experience fewer mutations than haploids (30 | A
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| In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants? | A) use of air currents as a dispersal agent B) lignin present in cell walls C) megaphylls D) sporopollenin E) pollen (30-4) | show 🗑
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| Which of the following most closely represents the male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants? | A) pollen grain interior B) fertilized egg C) microspore mother cell D) ovule E) embryo sac (30-5) | show 🗑
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| show | B) pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors C) pollen grains are independent from the plant so they won't absorb either stain D) pollen grains will be pure red E) pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors (30-6) | E
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| The main way that pine trees disperse their offspring is by using: | show | C
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| Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed plants that grow: | show | C
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| Which of these statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle? | show | B
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| show | B) cones are homologous to the capsules of moss plants C) double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon D) conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes E) male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis (30-10) | D
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| Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest (most inclusive to least): 1. sporophyte 2. microspores 3. microsporangia 4. pollen cone 5. pollen nuclei | show | A
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| Refer to description in worktest 30 Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? 1. they have exposed ovules 2. they have flagellated sperm 3. they are pollinated by animals | show | B
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| Refer to description in worktest 30 Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many angiosperms? 1. they have exposed ovules 2. they have flagellated sperm 3. they are pollinated by animals | show | A
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| show | A) anthers B) stigma C) ovule D) ovary E) carpel (30-14) | C
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| show | A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) female sporophyte D) male sporophyte (30-15) | C
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| show | A) male gametophyte B) female sporophyte C) female gametophyte D) male sporophyte (30-16) | C
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| Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms? | show | C
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| show | B) the gametophyte generation is dominant C) the gametophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant D) the sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower E) the sporophyte generation isn't photosynthetic (30- | A
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| Which of these statements is true of monocots? A) each possesses multiple cotyledons B) they are currently thought to be polyphyletic | C) the veins of their leaves form a netlike pattern D) they, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta E) they are the clade that includes most of our crops, except the cereal grains (30-1 | show 🗑
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| show | A) they surround and nourish the female gametophyte B) they consist of anther and stamen C) they are features of the gametophyte generation D) they are structures that directly produce male gametes E) they consist of highly modified microsporangia (30 | A
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| The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells? | A) meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis B) binary fission C) mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis D) mitosis E) meiosis (30-21) | show 🗑
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| show | B) two embryos from one egg and two sperm cells C) two embryos from two sperm cells and two eggs D) one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells E) one embryo involving one sperm cell and of endosperm involving a second sperm cell (30-22) | E
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| show | A) by attracting insects to the pollen inside B) by nourishing the plants that make them C) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat D) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization E) by facilitating dispersal of seeds (30-23) | E
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| In flowering plants, meiosis occurs specifically in the: | show | E
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| Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit? | A) ovary B) stigma C) style D) ovule E) micropyle (30-25) | show 🗑
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| show | A) sperm cells without flagella B) dominant gametophytes C) wind pollination D) embryos enclosed within seed coats E) fruits enclosing seeds (30-26) | E
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| show | A) artificial selection B) pesticide and herbicide application C) natural selection D) sexual selection E) genetic engineering (30-27) | A
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| A botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of discovering plants with medicinal properties. All of the following might be ways of identifying potentially useful plants except: A) observing which plants sick animals seek out | B) observing which plants are the most used food plants C) asking local people which plants they use as medicine D) observing which plants animals do not eat E) collecting plants and subjecting them to chemical analysis (30-28) | show 🗑
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| A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of this deficiency? A) proton pumps reversed the membrane potential | show | C
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| If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant, what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index? | A) bushier plants - lower leaf area index B) tall plants - higher leaf area index C) tall plants - lower leaf area index D) bushier plants - higher leaf area index E) short plants - lower leaf area index (36-2) | show 🗑
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| show | A) hydrolysis of ATP B) pumping of solutes across the membrane C) a specific transport protein in the membrane D) transport of solute against a concentration gradient E) diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane (36-3) | E
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| The amount and direction of movement of water in plants can always be predicted by measuring which of the following? | A) dissolved solutes B) pressure potential C) proton gradients D) water potential E) number of aquaporins (36-4) | show 🗑
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| An open beaker of pure water has a water potential of: | A) -0.0000001 MPa B) +0.07 MPa C) +0.23 MPa D) -0.23 MPa E) 0.0 (zero) (36-5) | show 🗑
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| show | A) acquire minerals from the soil B) eliminate excess electrons C) establish ATP gradients D) pressurize xylem transport E) A and D only (36-6) | A
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| Which of the following is not an important component of the long-distance transport process in plants? | show | E
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| Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because: A) the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling | show | E
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| show | A) a guard cell B) the Casparian strip C) the endodermis D) the root cortex E) the root epidermis (36-9) | C
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| The following factors may sometimes play a role in the movement of sap through xylem. Which one depends on the direct expenditure of ATP by the plant? | show | D
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| show | A) root pressure exceeds transpiration pull B) preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry C) transpiration rates are high D) roots are not absorbing minerals from the soil E) water potential in the stele of the root is high (36-11) | A
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| What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree? | show | E
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| Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant? | show | E
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| show | A) transport through tracheids B) cohesion between water molecules C) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose D) evaporation of water molecules E) active transport through xylem cells (36-14) | E
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| Active transport would be least important in the normal functioning of which of the following plant tissue types? | show | A
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| show | A) accumulate K+ and close the stomata B) protect the endodermis C) contain chloroplasts that import K+ directly into the cells D) help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise E) guard against mineral loss through the stomata (36-16) | D
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| show | A) potassium B) carbon dioxide C) calcium D) nitrogen E) water (36-17) | B
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| Photosynthesis begins to decline when leaves wilt because: A) CO2 accumulates in the leaves and inhibits the enzymes needed for photosynthesis | show | E
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| The earliest land plants were nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow freshwater in which they lived | True or False | show 🗑
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| Guard cells are the only cells in the epidermis that contain chloroplasts and can undergo photosynthesis. This is important because: A) photosynthesis provides the energy necessary for contractile proteins to flex and open the guard cells | B) guard cells will produce the O2 necessary to power active transport C) ATP is required to power proton pumps in the guard cell membranes D) chloroplasts sense when light is available so that guard cells will open E) A and C (36-20) | show 🗑
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| What is the driving force for the movement of materials in the phloem of plants? | show | D
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| Phloem transport of sucrose can be described as going from "source to sink." Which of the following would not normally function as a sink? | show | C
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| show | B) sugar is translocated from sinks to sources C) sugar transport does not require energy D) only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement E) diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport (36-23) | A
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| Water flows into the source end of a sieve tube because: A) sucrose has been dumped from the sieve tube by active transport B) sucrose has diffused into the sieve tube, making it hypertonic | show | E
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| show | B) high turgor pressure in the source & transpiration water loss in the sink moves solutes through the phloem C) formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic conc. E) solute moves from high conc. in the source to low conc. in the sin | E (36-25)
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| show | A) it makes cell elongation possible B) it is used to keep cells turgid C) it is lost during transpiration D) it is used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis E) it is used as a solvent (37-1) | C
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| A soil well suited for the growth of most plants would have all of the following properties except: | A) air spaces B) abundant humus C) good drainage D) a high pH E) high cation exchange capacity (37-2) | show 🗑
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| show | A) silt only B) both humus and loam C) loam only D) humus only E) clay only (37-3) | B
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| Which soil mineral is most likely leached away during a hard rain? | A) NO3- B) H+ C) Na+ D) Ca++ E) K+ (37-4) | show 🗑
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| The N-P-K percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the: A) relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer | B) percentages of three important mineral nutrients C) proportions of three different nitrogen sources D) percentages of manure collected from different types of animals E) total protein content of the three major ingredients of the fertilizer (37-5) | show 🗑
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| Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from: | show | D
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| show | C) they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the plant D) only the most actively growing regions of the plants require micronutrients E) most are supplied in large enough quantities in seeds (37-7) | B
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| A farming commitment that embraces a variety of methods that are conservation-minded, environmentally safe, and profitable is called: | A) nitrogen fixation B) responsible irrigation C) genetic engineering D) sustainable agriculture E) hydroponics (37-8) | show 🗑
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| show | B) phytoremediation of polluted sites C) nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria in root nodules D) to concentrate rare metals for medicinal use E) to minimize soil erosion in arid lands (37-9) | B
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| show | A) 1 kg B) 4 grams C) 960 grams D) 1 gram E) 40 grams (37-10) | C
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| In hydroponic culture, what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute? A) to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria | show | D
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| show | A) Mg B) Fe C) K D) Bo E) H (37-12) | C
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| A growing plants exhibits chlorosis of the leaves in the entire plant. The chlorosis is probably due to a deficiency of which of the following macronutrients? | A) calcium B) carbon C) hydrogen D) oxygen E) nitrogen (37-13) | show 🗑
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| show | A) molybdenum B) chlorine C) manganese D) zinc E) calcium (37-14) | E
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| What is the major function of magnesium in plants? | show | A
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| show | A) M++ B) P C) K+ D) C E) N (37-16) | B
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| show | C) a contamination of glassware in hydroponic culture D) release of negatively charged minerals such as chloride from clay particles in soil E) the yellowing of leaves due to decreased chlorophyll production (37-17) | E
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| Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron: A) is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves | show | E
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| Why is nitrogen fixation such an important process? A) fixed nitrogen is most often the limiting factor in plant growth | B) nitrogen fixation can only be done by certain prokaryotes C) nitrogen fixation is very expensive in terms of metabolic energy D) nitrogen fixers are sometimes symbiotic with legumes E) nitrogen-fixing capacity can be genetically engineered (37-19) | show 🗑
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| In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase: | A) is absent in active bacteroids B) is inactivated by leghemoglobin C) is part of the Rhizobium chromosome D) protects the nodule from nitrogen E) is found in the cells of the pericycle (37-20) | show 🗑
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| Among important crop plants, nitrogen-fixing nodules are most commonly an attribute of: | A) corn B) wheat C) legumes D) cabbage and other members of the brassica family E) members of the potato family (37-21) | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is a true statement about nitrogen fixation in root nodules? A) the plant contributes the nitrogenase enzyme | B) the process tends to deplete nitrogen compounds in the soil C) the process is relatively inexpensive in terms of ATP costs D) the bacteria of the nodule are autotrophic E) leghemoglobin helps maintain a low O2 concentration within the nodule (37-22 | show 🗑
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| What is the mutualistic association between roots and fungi called? | show | A
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| Mycorrhizae enhance plant nutrition mainly by: A) stimulating the development of root hairs | show | B
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| What are epiphytes? A) haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap | show | D
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| show | C)ectomycorrhizae don't penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes D)ectomycorrhizae are found in woody plant species; about 85% of plant families E)endomycorrhizae have thicker, shorter hyphae (37-2 | C
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| For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship: (A) the ploidy of the angiosperm seed endosperm (B) the ploidy of the angiosperm seed embryo | A) item (A) may stand in more than one of the above relations to item (B) B) item (A) is less than item (B) C) item (A) is greater than item (B) D) item (A) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (B) (38-1) | show 🗑
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| show | B) sporophyte-spores-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes C) haploid sporophyte-spores-fertilization-diploid gametophyte D) sporophyte-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes-fertilization-diploid zygote E) sporophyte-mitosis-gametophyte-meiosis-sporophyte (38-2) | D
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| show | A) mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes B) the gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms C) meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores D) A and B only E) A,B, and C (38-3) | E
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| show | A) a triploid endosperm within the seed B) an ovary that becomes a fruit C) a small (reduced) sporophyte D) A and B only E) A,B, and C (38-4) | D
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| Based on studies of plant evolution, which flower part is not a modified leaf? | show | E
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| All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the: | A) receptacle B) carpel C) petals D) sepals E) stamen (38-6) | show 🗑
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| Location of the ovary: | show | E
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| Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? | A) spores-gametes-zygote-embryo B) sepals-stamens-petals-carpels C) petals-sepals-stamens-carpels D) male gametophyte-female gametophyte-sepals-petals E) sepals-petals-stamens-carpels (38-8) | show 🗑
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| In some angiosperms, other floral parts contribute to what is commonly called the fruit. Which of the following fruits is derived mostly from an enlarged receptacle? | A) pineapple B) pea C) raspberry D) apple E) peach (38-9) | show 🗑
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| show | A) anther B) style C) ovule D) megasporangium E) ovary (38-10) | B
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| show | A) it has both stamens and carpels B) it has no sepals C) it has no endosperm D) it has fused carpels E) it is on a dioecious plant (38-11) | A
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| Carpellate flowers: | show | A
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| In flowering plants, pollen is released from the: | A) carpel B) anther C) filament D) pollen tube E) stigma (38-13) | show 🗑
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| In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid? | show | B
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| Where does meiosis occur in flowering plants? | A) pollen tube B) megasporocyte C) microsporocyte D) endosperm E) megasporocyte and microsporocyte (38-15) | show 🗑
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| Which of these is incorrectly paired with its life-cycle generation? | A) embryo-sporophyte B) pollen-gametophyte C) anther-gametophyte D) stamen-sporophyte E) embryo sac-gametophyte (38-16) | show 🗑
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| In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent? | A) embryo sac-female gametophyte B) microspore-pollen grain C) endosperm-male gametophyte D) seed-zygote E) ovule-egg (38-17) | show 🗑
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| Which of the following would be considered to be a multiple fruit? | A) apple B) strawberry C) corn on the cob D) raspberry E) pineapple (38-18) | show 🗑
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| show | A) three pollen grains B) three antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, one egg, and two synergids C) a tube nucleus, a generative cell, and a sperm cell D) two antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, two eggs, and two synergids E) the triple fusion nucleus (38 | B
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| show | C) pollen is formed within megasporangia so male and female gametes are close D) poll.-transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fert.-fusion of haploid nuclei E) poll. easily occurs between plants of difference species, fert. within species (38-20 | D
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| What is the function of the integument of an ovule? | show | D
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| A fruit includes: | show | E
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| What is the first organ to emerge from a germinating eudicot seed? | A) shoot B) radicle C) hypocotyl D) epicotyl E) plumule (38-23) | show 🗑
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| Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit? | show | D
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| show | A) hypocotyls;epicotyl B) scutellum;coleoptile C) coleoptile;coleorhiza D) cotyledon;radicle E) epicotyl;radicle (38-25) | C
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| A disadvantage of monoculture is that: | show | C
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| show | B) inserting Bt toxin genes into cotton, maize, and potato C) producing plants that resist attack by certain viruses D) producing paltns that contain genes for making human insulin E) developing plants that tolerate herbicides (38-27) | D
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| show | A) sporangia B) sporopollenin C) sporophylls D) ovary E) embryos (30-1) | A
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