flow of energy in ecosystem... food chains , food web, and more
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| Give two names for organisms that make their own food in an ecosystem | autotrophs or producers ( sometimes primary producers)
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| What organisms in an ecosystem are the foundation because they make energy available for all other organisms in an ecosystem | autotrophs
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| Describe two types of autotrophs | one group does photosynthesis ( photoautotrophs).. they have chlorophyll that absorbs energy from light and convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose ( which provides food).. the other group of autotrophs are are chemoautotrophs(later)
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| Describe chemoautotrophs or autotrophs that do chemosynthesis ( how do they get energy and where do they live) | the chemosynthetic autotrophs use chemicals to make their food. The bacteria that live in the hydrothermal vents use hydrogen sulfide from the vents to make food
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| plants and algae or photosynthetic bacteria are classified as ___ when obtaining their energy | autotrophs ( photoautotrophs) autotrophs that do photosynthesis
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| bacteria in the hydrothermal vents that use hydrogen sulfide to get their energy are classified as | autotrophs ( chemoautotrophs) autotrophs that do chemosynthesis
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| organisms that get energy by consuming other organisms are? | heterotrophs also called consumers
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| heterotrophs that eat only plants are specifically called ? | herbivores they are also primary consumers
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| cows, rabbits, or grasshoppers are called ? in a food chain | herbivores or primary consumers
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| heterotrophs that prey on other heterotrophs are called | carnivores
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| A lynx consuming an arctic hare is a/an | carnivore
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| organisms that eat both plants and animals are called ? in a food chain | omnivores
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| fungi that obtain food energy from a dead log recycle materials in dead organisms are are called | decomposers ( a type of heterotroph)
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| Name two very important types of decomposers | bacteria and fungi
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| A human is A. a herbivore B. an omnivore C a carnivore or D a decomposer | B an omnivore
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| Which organisms EAT FRAGMENTS OF DEAD ORGANISMS in an ecosystem | detritivores
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| Name several detritivores | worms, aquatic insects ( a few that we know live in estuaries.. crabs, oysters, crayfish)
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| Which organisms BREAK DOWN DEAD ORGANISMS BY RELEASING DIGESTIVE ENZYMES... | decomposers
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| REALLY... all heterotrophs do some __________ when they consume another organisms ( explain) | decomposition , they break down its body into organic compounds... it is primarily the decompowers that make the nutrients available to producers for reuse..
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| Name two models of energy flow... | food chain and food web
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| Each step of a food chain or food web is called a/an | trophic level (TROH fihk)
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| What makes up the first trophic level in all ecosystems | autotrophs
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| How do organisms at the first trophic level get their energy | from the sun or chemicals
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| where do organisms at each trophic level( except the first) get their energy ? | each level gets their energy from the trophic level before it.. so the 2nd trophic level gets it from the autotrophs on the 1st trophic level
... and the organisms on the 3rd trophic level get their energy from the 2nd
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| what is a simplified model showing the transfer of energy from organism to organism | food chain
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| On a food chain, what represents the one- way energy flow that typically starts with an autotroph and moves to heterotrophs | arrows
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| What happens to the energy that an organisms obtains from the organism it eats or from the autotroph? | each organism uses a portion of the energy for cellular processes ( building new cells etc).. the remaining energy is released into the surrounding environment and is not longer available ( lost as heat)..
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| What model is most often used to represent the feeding relationships in an ecosystem.. explain | food web. feeding relationships are more complex. most organisms feed on more than one species.
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| what model represents the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms | food web
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| What model of energy flowing through an ecosystem looks like a triangle ... it also looks like something in egypt | ecological pyramids
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| What are the three types of ecological pyramids | pyramid of energy, pyramid of biomass, and pyramid of numbers
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| ecological pyramids show ____ at each level ... they show the various ______ levels | Trophic levels
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| what is the general trend in energy, biomass, and numbers going from autotrophs to 2nd level consumers... or 3rd level consumers | IT DECREASES
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| In the pyramid of energy approximately _____ % of energy is not transferred to the level above it... Why | 90%... most of the energy contained in the organisms at each level is consumed by cellular processes or released into the environment as heat
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