water cycle, carbon-oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle
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| What is needed in a constant supply for a biosphere? IT IS NOT CYCLED | energy
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| what is not created or destroyed ... so it has to cycle through the biosphere... | matter
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| A chemical substance that an organism must get from the environment in order to sustain life and undergo life processes... these are provided by matter in the biosphere | nutrients
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| Since the matter cycles involve living organisms, geological processes and chemical processes they are generally called ?List the three you need to know | biogeochemical cycles... water, carbon/oxygen , and nitrogen
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| What are three reservoirs (storage places) for water | surface water ( lakes, streams, rivers, glaciers, ice caps, and oceans.... underground ( groundwater)..... and the atmosphere
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| What process moves water from bodies of water to the atmosphere? what are the physical states of water involved? | evaporation, it changes liquid water into gaseous water
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| What term describes water in the atmosphere? what is the physical phase or state | vapor, gas
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| the water vapor rises and cools.. It will ? around dust particles to form droplets of water or clouds describe the phase change that occurs? | condense... from gas to liquid
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| Water falls from the clouds as ________,,,, give examples | precipitation... rain, sleet , snow , or hail
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| Describe two ways that water can flow into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans | runoff from land surfaces... and groundwater flow
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| What term can describe water moving from the surface of the earth to the groundwater | percolation
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| Water evaporating from the surface of plants is called ? ( it exits from pores in the leaves called stomata) | transpiration
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| List processes involved in the water cycle ? ( about 6) | evaporation, condensation, precipitation, transpiration, percolation, runoff,
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| Carbon can be found in which biomolecules, macromolecules, or organic molecules... give 4 | carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids
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| What two processes are involved in the short-term carbon cycle (they help carbon and oxygen recycle relatively quickly through organisms | photosynthesis and cellular respiration
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| What processes uses the carbon dioxide ( you can think of organisms doing this process as a carbon dioxide sponge... important in our time of climate change) | PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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| What process stores energy from the sun as glucose ( this is chemical energy and this carbohydrate is used by all organisms in the food web as a source of energy).. It uses Carbon dioxide and releases oxygen in the carbon/oxygen cycle | PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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| How does the carbon stored long term in fossil fuels get released into the carbon cycle again? | when the fossils fuels are burned (called combustion)it releases carbon dioxide and water
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| How does the carbon stored long term in limestone and chalk get released into the carbon cycle again? | weathering and erosion will release it to circulate again
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| Name two ways that carbon can get stuck in long term storage | it can be underground in fossil fuels or in the ocean as limestone or chalk
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| Peat, Coal, Oil and Natural Gas are known as | fossil fuels
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| How does the limestone accumulate on the ocean floor | some organisms have shells of calcium carbonate ( algae,coral, clams, oysters etc)... they die and fall to the bottom of the ocean and create deposits of limestone or chalk...
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| What are three ways that carbon dioxide can enter the atmosphere.. explain the process that happens with fungi and bacteria | Cellular respiration, combustion ( burning), Decomposition ( fungi and bacteria are decomposers and the decomposition process is really cellular respiration
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| Explain how decomposers are important to the carbon cycle | the process of decompositon removes wastes and dead animals from the landscape and returns the materials to the environment. When decomposition happens it adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere ... the carbon dioxide can be used for photosynthesis
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| Carbon dioxide is often called a ____ gas | greenhouse
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| Describe two ways that human activity is increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide by reducing the mass of photosynthetic organisms | deforestation and ocean pollution that kills algae or phytoplankton
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| What can happen globally as there is an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide | melting ice caps can cause flooding and make more extreme weather conditions
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| Name 4 types of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle | nitrogen fixing bacteria, nitrifyng bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and decomposing bacteria
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| What form of nitrogen is found in the atmosphere | nitrogen gas... N2 ( a molecule of nitrogen gas is made of 2 atoms of nitrogen held together with a triple bond)... nitrogen is strong and inert ( not really reactive)
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| Is the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere usable for organisms? | NO... it needs to be changed to a nitrogen compound
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| What nitrogen compound do plants love? | nitrates
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| What nitrogen compound is associated with dead organisms or wastes decomposing | NH4+ , NH3 ( ammonium or ammonia)... either is acceptable and you really don't need to know formula
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| What type of bacteria turns NITROGEN INTO NITRATES ( or other compounds that can be used by organisms ) | NITROGEN FIXING
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| which bacteria turn ammonium into nitrates or nitrites to nitrates.. ( REARRANGE NITROGEN COMPOUNDS TO NITRATES) | nitrifying bacteria
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| which bacteria take Nitrates back to nitrogen gas which returns to the atmosphere (RETURNS FIXED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS BACK TO NITROGEN GAS...RETURNS NITROGEN GAS TO ATMOSPHERE) | denitrifying bacteria
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| What plant group has a mutualistic relationship with bacteria living in their roots in bumps called nodules... | legumes
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| Word associated with alfalfa, soybeans, clover, peanuts... they are | legumes
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| How the mutualistic relationship between legume plants and bacteria works | the plant is getting fixed nitrogen (nitrates) for its growth and the bacteria is getting a place to live and some nouishment from the plant
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| Describe what happens in the nitrogen cycle after the nitrogen is fixed and NITRATES are in the soil.... until they get into an animal | the plant takes up the nitrates through their roots and use the nitrates to make proteins... the animals eat the plants or animals eat animals that ate plants and they use the plants proteins to make their own proteins ..nitrogen is stored in their body
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| What happens to the nitrogen after the plants or animals die ( or the animal produces waste products) | the proteins in the wastes turns to ammonia or other nitrogen compounds ( this was done by decomposers).. then nitrifying bacteria turn them into nitrates that can be used by plant or returned to atmosphere by denitrifying bacteria
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| Describe 3 ways that nitrogen fixation can happen | lightning, nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil , and nitrogen fixing bacteria on the roots of legumes
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| What is an artificial way to add nitrogen to the soil? | fertilizers
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