pharm midterm2
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| The two families of Calcium Channel Blockers | Dihydropyridnies (suffix -ipine)
Non-dihydropyridines
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| What do Calcium Channel blockers do | reduce peripheral resistance
decrease blood pressure
elicit antianginal/antiarrhythmic effects
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| MOA of CCB | inhibition of calcium influx into arterial smooth muscle cells
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| CCB PK/PD | L-type are the most dominant in cardiac/smooth muscle
Dihydro - are more selective as vasodilators and have less cardiac depression.
verapamil has greatest cardiac depressive effects
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| CCB clinical indications | HTN, Angina supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, migraine, raynaud's phenomenon
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| CCB toxicity | arrest, bradycardia, av block, heart failure
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| end product of RAAS | renin-angiotension-aldosterone-system
arteriolar vascoconstriction, increase in blood pressure
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| ARB general | block angiotension II type I receptors
very selective
-rtan as suffix for meds
most effective
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| ARB pk/pd | short half-life, moderate bioavailability, no effect on bradykinin metabolism
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| ARB tox | do not use during pregnancy
may cough and angioedema
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| ACE-I general | block angiotension converting enzyme, stops the conversion from I to II.
suffix for meds: -pril.
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| ACE-I PK/PD | eliminated by the kidneys, therefore, dose must be reduced in patients with renal insufficiency.
fairly well administered orally and mod long half-life
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| ACE-I tox | severe hypotension, acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, dry consistent cough, dry cough, angioedema, do not use during pregnancy
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| gram positive cocci | cluster: staphylococci
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| gram positive bacilli | bacillus
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| gram negative cocci | neisseria meningitidis
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| gram negative bacilli | citrobacter
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| anaerobes above the belt | prevotella
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| below the belt anaerobes | fusobacterium
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| atypical bacteria | mycoplasma
legionella
chlamydia
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| ID vignettes errors | contamination, sample size, results to match to symptoms, lines present, test before antibiotics
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| ID vignettes bacteria | S. viridans (endocarditis, post-dental)
N. meningitidis (meningitis)
Acinetobacter (ICU, ventilators)
Anaerobes (diabetics, PNA)
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| Empiric therapy (ID vignettes) | medication that targets a broad range of bacteria
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| Normal flora Strep is found | skin, oropharynx, GU, heart
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| Normal Flora Staph is found | Nasopharynx, heart
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| Normal flora E.coli | urinary, GU
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