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pharm midterm2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The two families of Calcium Channel Blockers | Dihydropyridnies (suffix -ipine) Non-dihydropyridines |
| What do Calcium Channel blockers do | reduce peripheral resistance decrease blood pressure elicit antianginal/antiarrhythmic effects |
| MOA of CCB | inhibition of calcium influx into arterial smooth muscle cells |
| CCB PK/PD | L-type are the most dominant in cardiac/smooth muscle Dihydro - are more selective as vasodilators and have less cardiac depression. verapamil has greatest cardiac depressive effects |
| CCB clinical indications | HTN, Angina supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, migraine, raynaud's phenomenon |
| CCB toxicity | arrest, bradycardia, av block, heart failure |
| end product of RAAS | renin-angiotension-aldosterone-system arteriolar vascoconstriction, increase in blood pressure |
| ARB general | block angiotension II type I receptors very selective -rtan as suffix for meds most effective |
| ARB pk/pd | short half-life, moderate bioavailability, no effect on bradykinin metabolism |
| ARB tox | do not use during pregnancy may cough and angioedema |
| ACE-I general | block angiotension converting enzyme, stops the conversion from I to II. suffix for meds: -pril. |
| ACE-I PK/PD | eliminated by the kidneys, therefore, dose must be reduced in patients with renal insufficiency. fairly well administered orally and mod long half-life |
| ACE-I tox | severe hypotension, acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, dry consistent cough, dry cough, angioedema, do not use during pregnancy |
| gram positive cocci | cluster: staphylococci |
| gram positive bacilli | bacillus |
| gram negative cocci | neisseria meningitidis |
| gram negative bacilli | citrobacter |
| anaerobes above the belt | prevotella |
| below the belt anaerobes | fusobacterium |
| atypical bacteria | mycoplasma legionella chlamydia |
| ID vignettes errors | contamination, sample size, results to match to symptoms, lines present, test before antibiotics |
| ID vignettes bacteria | S. viridans (endocarditis, post-dental) N. meningitidis (meningitis) Acinetobacter (ICU, ventilators) Anaerobes (diabetics, PNA) |
| Empiric therapy (ID vignettes) | medication that targets a broad range of bacteria |
| Normal flora Strep is found | skin, oropharynx, GU, heart |
| Normal Flora Staph is found | Nasopharynx, heart |
| Normal flora E.coli | urinary, GU |
Created by:
lilram
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