PCC-HR-3A-Behavioral Therapy
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| Approach of Behavioral Therapy | Decrease maladaptive behaviors and increase adaptive ones, emphasizing current behaviors and use a scientific approach to the study and treatment of maladaptive behaviors.
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| Step 1 of the Behavioral Therapy process: | 1) reviewing aspects of the client's history and environment which are related to his/her problem;
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| Step 2 of the Behavioral Therapy process: | 2) defining the client's problem in terms of the target behavior, including the behavioral, physiological, and subjective measures used to assess the behavior;
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| Step 3 of the Behavioral Therapy process: | 3) defining treatment goals and alternate treatment techniques;
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| Step 4 of the Behavioral Therapy process: | 4) applying the treatment, periodically re-administering behavior measures to assess treatment effects and modifying treatment if necessary to achieve treatment goals
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| Step 5 of the Behavioral Therapy process: | 5) when treatment goals have been achieved, discussing treatment method and reults with the client to help him or her apply the treatment to others aspects of his/her life.
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| Classical Conditioning - founder | Ivan Pavlov
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| Pupose of Classical conditioning | Help the client unlearn previously learned connections between a specific stimulus and a maladaptive response-by providing a more adaptive response to the stimulus, or decrease the occurrence of a pleasure-producing, but maladaptive/undesirable behavior
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| Counterconditioning | Is based on the premise that a maladaptive response can be reduced or eliminated by the establishment of another, usually incompatible, response. (Two incompatible behaviors cannot occur simultaneously)
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| Reciprocal Inhibition (Joseph Wolpe) | used to eliminate the specific maladptive response of anxiety
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| Three classical conditioning theories | 1) Systematic desensitization 2) Aversive Counterconditioning; 3) Assertiveness Training
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| Systematic Desensitization | In the method, reciprocal inhibition replaces an anxiety response with a relaxation response (relaxation is physiologically incompatible with anxiety).
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| Aversive Counterconditioning | An unconditioned stimulus (US) which produces a noxious response (unconditioned response, or UR) is repeated paired with an undesirable behavior (conditioned simuls, or CS) Such pairing eventually leads to a CR of avoidance in the presence of the CS only
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| Assertiveness Training | The goal of this method is to reduce the occurrence of anxiety (or other maladaptive response) in problematic interpersonal situations by increasing the probability assertive responses will occur.
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| Operant Conditioning-founder | B.F. Skinner
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| Operant Conditioning | The goal is either to increase desirable behaviors or to decrease undesirable behaviors
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| Therapies based on Operant Conditioning | 1) Positive Reinforcement 2) Shaping 3) Token Economy 4) Time-Out 5) Extinction 6) Premack Principle 7) Contingency Contracts
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| Positive Reinforcement | ...positively reinforcing stimulus after a behavior has occurred to increase the occurrence of that behavior.
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| Shaping | ..is a form of positive reinforcemnt involving reinforcing successive approximations to the desired response.
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| Token Economy | ..desirable behaviors are consistently reinforced by a conditioned reinforcer (the token). The conditioned reinforcer (tokens) is eventually exchanged for a desired item("Back-up reinforcer")
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| Time-Out | ...is used to decrease maladaptive bheavior. ('time-out from positive reinforcement") The individual is removed from the reinforcing environment or the environment is removed from them.
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| Extinction | ...when reinforcement for a behavior is discontinued, the rate of that behavior decreases.
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| Premack Principle | ...a high probability behavior is used to reinforce a low probability behavior to increase the frequency of the low probability behavior.
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| Contingency Contracts | ...is a formal written agreement between two or more people which clearly defines the behaviors to be modified and the consequences following the performance of those behaviors.
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| Flooding | The client is exposed to a high anxiety-arousing stimulus for a prolonged period of time, conducted in vivo or in imagination.
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| Implosive Therapy | Invovles classical extinction, is always conducted in imagination and involves presenting the feared stimulus vividly enough so as to arouse high levels of anxiety
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| Developer of Implosive therapy | Stampfl
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