Definitions
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| drug | any chemical that can affect a living process
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| pharmacology | study of drugs and their interactions with the living systems
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| clinical pharmacology | study of drugs in a human
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| therapeutics | also known as pharmacotherapeuctics, the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat diseases and pregnancy
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| ideal drug | effectivness, safety, selectivity
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| effectiveness | effective drug is one that elicit the response for which it is given
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| safety | one that cannot produce harmful effects, even administered in high doses for long periods
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| selectiveness | one that elicits only the response for which it is given
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| therapeutic objective | provide maximum benefits with minimal harm
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| pharmcokinetics | process in which determine how much of an administered dose gets to its site of action
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| pharmacodynamics | impact of drugs on the body
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| adverse effect | undesirable, unexpected and potentially dangerous response to medication. slow or fast acting
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| adverse interactions | drug to food or drug to drug interaction
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| toxicity | quality of being toxic or posonous
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| absorption | movement of a drug from its site of administration into the blood
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| distribution | movement of drugs throughout the body
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| metabolism | aka biotransformation, the enzymatic alteration of a drug structure
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| excretion | removal of drugs from the body
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| enternal | involving or passing through intestine either naturally via the mouth and esophagus or through an artificial opening
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| parenternal | administered or occurring elsewhere in the body than the mouth and alimentary canal
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| protein binding | drugs bind with protiein
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| maximal efficacy | maximum effect a drug can produce, regardless of the dose
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| therapeutic index | comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity
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| effective dose | the amount of a drug, or level of radiation exposure, that is sufficient to achieve the desired clinical improvement
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| agonist | a substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action
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| antagonist | a substance that acts against and blocks any action
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| partial agonist | drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist
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| side effects | undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment
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| allergic reaction | the hypersensitive response of the immune system of an allergic individual to a substance
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| idiosyncratic effect | uncommon response to a drug, because of a genetic predisposition
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| latrogenic disease | result of a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure undertaken on a patient
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| physical dependence | state in which the body has adapted to drug experience in a way that if discontinued would cause abstinence syndrome
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| carcinogenic effect | substance or agent that has the ability to produce cancer
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| terogentic effect | drug induced birth defects
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| hepatoxicity | drugs that are metabolized by the liver and are converted to toxic products
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| pharmacodynamic tolerance | the familiar type of tolerance associated with long term administration of drugs such as morphine and heroin
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| metabolic tolerance | tolerance resulting from accelerated drug metabolism
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| placebo effect | as that component of any drug response that is caused by physiologic factors not biochemical
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| bioavailability | amount of active drug that reaches the systemic circulation from its site of administration
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| half-life | time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%
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| onset | the amount of time it takes for a drug to take action in the body
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| peak | highest concentration level
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| duration | an amount of time the drug is taken and wears off
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| PRN | as needed
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| ADPIE | assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate
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| superinfection | develop an infection
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| prophylactic | given to prevent infection
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