17.1,2,3
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| biodiversity | the variety of organisms in a given area, the genetic variation within a population, the variety of species in a community, or the variety of communities in an ecosystem
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| taxonomy | the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms
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| taxon |
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| kingdom | the highest taxonomic category, which contains a group of similar phyla
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| domain | in a taxonomic system based on rRNA analysis, one of the 3 broad groups that all living things fall into
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| phylum | the taxonomic group below kingdom and above class
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| division | a grouping of similar classes of plants
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| class | contains orders with common characteristics
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| order | the taxonomic category below the class and above the family
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| family | the taxonomic category below the order and above the genus
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| genus | the level of classification that comes after family and that contains similar species
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| species | a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring; also the level of classification below genus and above subspecies
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| systematics | the classification of living organisms in terms of their natural relationships; it includes describing, naming, and classifying the organisms
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| phylogenetic |
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| phylogenetic diagram |
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| dadistics |
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| shared character |
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| derived character |
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| clade |
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| cladogram | a diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms
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| bacteria | in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and that usually reproduce by cell division; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom eubacteria
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| archaea | prokaryotes that are distinguished fro other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell wall; members of the domain Archaea
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| eukarya | in modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, fungi, plantae, and Animalia
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| eubacteria | a kingdom made up of all prokaryotes except members of the kingdom archaebacterial; biologist classify them as bacteria
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| archaebacteria | prokaryotic organisms that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell wall; biologists prefer to call them archaea
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| protista | a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi
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| fungi | a classification kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that get food by breaking down organic matter and absorbing the nutrients, reproduced by means of spores, and have no means of movement
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| plantae | a kingdom made up of eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that have cell walls made mostly of cellulose, that have pigments that absorb light, and that supply energy and oxygen to themselves and to other life-forms through photosynthesis
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| Animalia | the classification kingdom containing complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, are usually able to move around, and possess specialized sense organs that help them quickly respond to their environment
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