Social Studies
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| Centrifugal Force | A force that divides people and countries.
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| Centripetal Force | A force that unites people and countries
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| Common Market | A group of countries that acts as a single market, without trade barriers between member countries.
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| Supranational Cooperation | A form of international cooperation in which countries give up some control of their affairs as they work together achieve shared goals.
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| Demography | The study of human populations, including how they change due to births, death, aging, and migration.
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| Dependency Ratio | The number of old and young dependents who don't work compared with the working - age population.
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| Life Expectancy | The average age that a person in a given population can expect to live.
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| Replacement Rate | The total fertility rate needed for a population to replace itself.
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| Total Fertility Rate | The average number of children a woman in a given population will have in her lifetime.
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| Acid Rain | Rain that can damage the environment because it contains acid from factory smoke, and car exhaust.
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| Nuclear Radiation | A form of energy that comes from nuclear radiations. Radiation has no smell but can be harmful.
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| River System | A river and all that streams that flow into it. The streams flow into a river called Tributaries.
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| Transboundary Pollution | Pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries.
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| Stage 1 - ¨Low Population Growth¨ | In this stage, High death rates, high death rates result in little population change. All populations began at this stage
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| Stage 2 - ¨Rapid Population Growth¨ | Birth rates remain high as the economic develops but the death rates fall as Food Supplies increase in healthcare improves.
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| Stage 3 - ¨Slow Population Growth¨ | As the economy improves the birth rates drop. Death rates stay low. Population growth begins to slow down.
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| Stage 4 - ¨No or Negative Population Growth¨ | In developed countries both birth rates and death rates drop to lower levels. As a result there is little or no population growth. Overtime birth rates may fall behind death rates. The result is a shrinking population.
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| Erosion | The gradual wearing away of Earth's surface by the action of wind, ice, and gravity.
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| Glaciation | The creation and movement of glaciers
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| Physical Processes | Natural forces that change Earth's physical features, including forces that build up and wear down Earth's surface.
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| Tectonic Movement | The movement of plates below Earth's surface.
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| Volcanic Activity | The formation and eruption of volcanoes.
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| What 3 population Dilemmas are European Countries facing today? | Negative population, Population aging, Workforce declining.
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| What happened to Chernobyl? | A reactor had an explosion that released a radioactive cloud.
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| Why did this happen to Chernobyl? | A human error.
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| What happened to the pollution from the plant? | The pollution from the plant, spread radioactive pollution over a wide area.
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| How is Acid Rain formed? | Burning Fossil fuels, such as coal for energy
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| What and where is the Black Triangle? | Triangle is one of Europe´s most polluted areas where Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, meet.
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| what happened in the Danube? | A large amount of cyanide spilled into a river.
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| What area was affected? | The Hungry, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria.
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| which rivers were affected? | Szamos river, Tisza River, Danube River.
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| What causes Erosion? | Wind and Running Water.
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| What causes Glaciations? | moving glaciers.
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| what causes glaciers to move? | Gravity.
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| What causes tectonic plates? | Movement under Earth's surface.
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| What causes Volcanoes? | When magma rises to the surface of the earth.
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| What is the Ring of Fire? | Major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
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| Weathering | Natural processes that break down rocks into smaller pieces.
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| Mass Wasting | The movement of rocks that has been weathered.
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| Deposition | The putting down of eroded material.
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| Horn | The pointed peak of a mountain top shaped by moving glaciers.
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| U-Shaped Valley | A valley shaped like a U and formed by moving glaciers.
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| Glaciers | A large, moving mass of ice on earth's surface.
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| Moraine | A mound of dirt and rocks left by a glacier.
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| Lava | Liquid rock that erupts from a volcano.
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| Crater | The hole at the top of a volcano where land around the opening has collapsed.
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| Main Vent | The place where magma bursts through earth's crust.
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| Magma Chamber | The place deep underground where magma collects.
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| fold mountain | a mountain formed when colliding tectonic plates forces earth's crust to wrinkle or fold
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| fault block mountain | a mountain formed when a block of earth's crust slides upward along a fault line
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| fault | a crack in earth's crust
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