A&P 2
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| The primary sex organ in the male is the _____. | testis
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| Where do the testes originate in a fetus? | retroperitoneal space
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| When do the testes begin to descend? | two months prior to birth
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| The failure of a testes to descend is referred to as _____. | cryptorchidism
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| Spermatogenesis is a function of the _____. | seminiferous tubule
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| What is the source of the male sex hormones? | interstitial cells
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| Testicular cancer usually arises from the _____. | seminiferous tubules
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| Which cells are present in a male age five? | spermatogonia
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| Where do sperm cells attain fertilization competence and motility? | epididymis
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| Which structure contains lysosomal-like enzymes? | acrosome
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| Where does the epididymis direct sperm cells into? | ampulla
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| The ejaculatory duct is the union of the vas deferens and _____. | seminal vesicle
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| The substrate used for sperm metabolism is produced by the _____. | seminal vesicle
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| The main function of the prostate seems to be _____. | secretion of alkaline mucus
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| Infertility could develop when the sperm cells display _____. | a count of less than 20 million per ml semen
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| Which of the following has no homolog in the female? | prostate
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| The process of capacitation usually occurs in the _____. | vagina
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| Which term includes the other terms? A) spermatozoa B) alkaline mucus C) semen D) fructose | semen
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| The urethra passes through the _____ of the penis. | corpora spongiosum
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| Which of the following is not compatible with penile erection? | blood leaves erectile tissue
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| Blood enters the erectile corpora tissue in the penis; stimulation is a parasympathetic event but orgasm is _______. | sympathetic
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| Which hormone initiates the changes in puberty? | GnRH-
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,
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| The target of FSH is the _____. | seminiferous tubule
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| The target of ICSH is the _____. (interstitial cell–stimulating hormone) | interstitial cells
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| Testosterone is converted to _____ in the prostate. | dihydrotestosterone
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| Which of these is not a function of testosterone? A) loss of body hair B) thickening of the larynx C) anabolism of skeletal muscle D) thickening of bones | thickening of the larynx
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| What normally inhibits testosterone production? | decreasing ICSH
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| The largest ovarian ligament is the _____ ligament. | The broad ligament-
is a fold of the peritoneum that is attached to the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus.
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| How many oocytes are there in the ovaries of an adult? | 400,000
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| Which cell has been fertilized by a sperm cell? | secondary oocyte
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| The oogonia develop into oocytes; the secondary oocyte completes its _____ only when it is fertilized and becomes the ovum. | meiosis
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| A cell called the ______ is a fertilized cell with 46 chromosomes. | zygote
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| The result of oogenesis is _____. | one secondary oocyte
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| Spermatogenesis produces _______ for every parent cell | four spermatozoa
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| Oogenesis produces only one 1) ______ ________ because of the loss of cells called 2)__________ from unequal meiosis. | 1) secondary oocyte
2) polar bodies
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| The initiation of puberty and menses in a female involves increased levels of _____. | FSH
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| The granulosa cells are the early cells that surround an ____. | Oocyte
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| During ovulation, the oocyte passes into the _____. | pelvic cavity
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| What is the first structure to receive the oocyte? | fimbriae
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| The oocyte enters the fimbriae border of the infundibulum of the ______ . | uterine tubes
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| The largest component of the uterus by weight is the _____. | myometrium
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| The myometrium is the thick _____ layer of the uterus. | smooth muscle
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| The superior portion of the uterus is the _____. | fundus
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| The outer serosal layer of the uterus is the _____. | perimetrium
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| The superior region of the vagina is the _____. | cervix
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| The inner lining of the vagina is _____ epithelium. | stratified squamous
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| Which of these includes the other terms? A) labia B) clitoris C) vulva D) vestibular glands | vulva
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| What structure corresponds to the scrotum in the male? | labia major
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| The _____ is the space between the labia minor. | vestibule
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| The ____ is the collective term for external female genitalia. | vulva
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| Which of the following is a steroid? Which of the following is a steroid? A) FSH B) LH C) estrogen D) GnRH | estrogen
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| : The purpose of _____ and ______ is to prepare the ovary to produce its estrogens which will then target secondary sex organs. | FSH and LH
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| Which of these is not a function of estrogen? | decreases adipose
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| What area experiences the greatest changes in a menstrual cycle? | endometrium
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| Estrogens are produced by the ______ AND ______. | adrenal gland and ovary;
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| Which factor causes the act of ovulation? | LH levels
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| Where is the majority of progesterone produced? | corpus luteum
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| Which factor will inhibit the secretion of estrogens? | estrogens
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| Rising levels of estrogens cause an inhibition of FSH production by ________. | negative feedback.
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| What factor will inhibit LH secretion? | progesterone
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| Which of the following is the most accurate sequence of hormones? A) FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone B) LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone C) FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone D) FSH, estrogen, progesterone, LH | FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone
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| FSH stimulates ______ during the first half of a cycle; LH then causes an increase in _______ during the second half. | 1) estrogen secretion
2)progesterone
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| Which hormone thickens the lining of the uterus? | estrogen
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| Which hormone causes the uterus to increase glycogen? | progesterone
Progesterone stimulates the increase in lipids and glycogen in the endometrium necessary to insure implantation of the embryo.
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| The shedding and bleeding of the decidua during menses is directly caused by low levels of _____. | sex steroids
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| Which of the following 3 are a result of menopause? A) loss of hormones B) reduction in breast mass C) increase in calcium deposition D) psychological changes | loss of hormones
reduction in breast mass
psychological changes
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| The layer immediately covering the testes is the | tunica vaginalis.
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| The maturation process through which spermatids become spermatozoa is called | spermiogenesis.
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| The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testes is called the | tunica albuginea.
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| The two-step process necessary for sperm to become mobile is called | capacitation.
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| Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the | rete testis.
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| In males, meiosis produces ______________ spermatids. | four haploid
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| Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by | peristaltic contraction.
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| What is the primary hormone secreted by the corpus luteum? | Progesterone
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| In males, LH.... | causes secretion of testosterone.
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| The muscular layer of the uterus is the | myometrium.
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| The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the | corpus spongiosum.
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| Oogenesis results in | one haploid cell.
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| During the ovarian cycle | the tertiary follicle is opened on the point of ovulation, shedding the secondary oocyte and corona radiata.
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| basal body temperature should be highest during which phase of the uterine cycle? | Secretory phase
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| Place the following structures in order from 1 to 6, corresponding to the passage of sperm from the testes outward: | Rete testis >Efferent ductule >Epididymis >Ductus deferens >Ejaculatory duct >Prostatic urethra
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| The irregular ridge on the midline of the scrotum, formed from fusion of the urethral folds during development is the | raphe.
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| In the testis, sperm cells develop in the | seminiferous tubules.
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| The leftover portion of the process vaginalis that covers the testes is the | tunica vaginalis.
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| arge cells that nourish developing sperm cells and form the blood-testes barrier a | Sertoli cells
The Sertoli cells also referred to as the "nurse" cells nourish the developing sperm cells and form the blood-testes barrier.
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| Given these cells: 1. primary spermatocytes 2. secondary spermatocytes 3. Spermatids 4. Spermatogonia 5. sperm cells. | 4,1,2,3,5
Spermatogonia
primary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids
sperm cells.
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| From each primary spermatocyte, __________ sperm cell(s) is (are) produced; from each primary oocyte, __________ secondary oocyte(s) is (are) produced. | 4, 1
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| A comma-shaped structure on the posterior testis; maturation of sperm cells occurs here: | epididymis
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| The epididymis is the comma-shaped structure on the posterior testis, where the maturation of sperm occurs. | epididymis
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| From the ejaculatory duct, sperm cells travel directly into the | prostatic part of the urethra.
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| The cap (formed from the corpus spongiosum) over the distal end of the penis is the | glans.
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| The bulb of the penis refers to the_______________ found at the base of the penis. | corpus spongiosum
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| Which of these structures contributes the greatest percentage to semen? | seminal vesicles
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| This hormone is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary. | GnRH
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| __________ , which is secreted by the placenta, stimulates the synthesis and secretion of testosterone before birth. | HCG
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| Testosterone has a negative-feedback effect on |
A) GnRH secretion.
B) FSH secretion.
C) LH secretion.
( ALL OF THE ABOVE)
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| In the male, the process in which sperm cells, secretions of the prostate, and secretions of the seminal vesicles accumulate in the prostatic urethra is called | emission.
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| The visceral peritoneum covering the surface of the ovary is | germinal epithelium.
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| At birth, a girl has in her ovaries many __________ that have started meiosis but stopped at prophase I. | primary oocytes
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| A primary oocyte divides to produce a(n) | secondary oocyte and a polar body
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| The layer of clear, viscous fluid that is deposited around a primary oocyte is the | zona pellucida.
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| The innermost cells of the cumulus mass are called the | corona radiata.
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| In the process of oogenesis, a polar body | is formed b4fertilization & after fertilization.
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| During ovulation, a(n) __________ is released from the ovary | secondary oocyte
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| After ovulation, the granulosa cells of the follicle develop into a glandular structure called the | corpus luteum.
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| The funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube (fallopian tube) is the | infundibulum.
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| The large, superior, rounded portion of the uterus is the | fundus.
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| The innermost layer of the uterus is the | endometrium.
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| Which of these layers is shed during menses? | functional layer of endometrium
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| The superior, domed portion of the vagina is called the | fornix.
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| In the female, erectile tissue that corresponds to the corpus spongiosum in the male is the | bulb of the vestibule.
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| Concerning the breasts: | they are attached to fascia over the pectoralis major muscles by mammary (Cooper's) ligaments.
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| The first episode of menstrual bleeding is called | menarche.
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| During the menstrual cycle, the time between the ending of menses and ovulation is called the | follicular phase.
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| The hormone responsible for ovulation is | LH.
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| In the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels are highest during | the secretory phase.
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| The cause of menses in the menstrual cycle is | decreased progesterone and estrogen secretion by the ovary.
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| A woman with a typical 28-day menstrual cycle is most likely to become pregnant from sexual intercourse occurring on days | 9-14.
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| While the follicle is developing, a positive-feedback loop occurs in which __________ stimulates the follicle, which increases the secretion of __________, which stimulates GnRH secretion. | FSH, estrogen
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| After fertilization, development of a full-term fetus depends upon | release of HCG by the trophoblast to maintain the corpus luteum.
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| During sexual intercourse, oxytocin and __________ both stimulate smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and uterine tubes. | prostaglandins
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| he clinical age of the unborn child is about | 14 days more than the postovulatory age.
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| 1. blastocyst 2. embryo 3. fetus 4. morula 5. zygote | 5,4,1,2,3
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| Implantation in the endometrium of the uterus occurs about __________ days after fertilization. | 7
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| In the blastocyst, the cells that develop into the embryo are the | inner cell mass.
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| The cells from the embryo that invade the endometrium of the uterus and form lacunae are called | syncytiotrophoblast cells.
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| During formation of the embryonic disk, ectoderm is adjacent to the __________ , and endoderm is adjacent to the __________ . | amniotic cavity, yolk sac
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| Neuroectoderm cells become the | brain and spinal cord.
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| The pericardial, pleural and peritoneal cavities all develop from the | celom.
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| During development, the period of organogenesis is between | days 14 and 60.
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| The bones of the face develop from __________ cells, whereas the rest of the skeleton develops from __________ cells. | neural crest, mesoderm
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| Fusion of male and female gametes form ----? | Zygote
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