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These drugs affect the Central Nervous System

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Drug Name
Trade Name
Drug Classification
Used to Treat
Controlled Drug Status
Acepromazine melate   PromAce   Phenothiazine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation and allay fear and anxiety   N/A  
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Chlorpromazine hydrochloride   Thorazine (human label)   Phenothiazine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation and allay fear and anxiety   N/A  
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Promazine HCl   Sparine (human label)   Phenothiazine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation and allay fear and anxiety   N/A  
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Prochlorperazine   Compazine (human label)   Phenothiazine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation and allay fear and anxiety   N/A  
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Diazepam   Valium, Diastat   Benzodiazepine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation, muscle relaxation, appetite stimulation (in cats), and anticonvulsant activity   N/A  
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Midazolam   Versed   Benzodiazepine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation, muscle relaxation, appetite stimulation (in cats), and anticonvulsant activity   N/A  
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Alprazolam   Xanax   Benzodiazepine Derivative   Tranquilizer - sedation, muscle relaxation, appetite stimulation (in cats), and anticonvulsant activity   N/A  
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Rompun   N/A   Xylazine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties   N/A  
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AnaSed   N/A   Xylazine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties   N/A  
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Gemini   N/A   Xylazine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties   N/A  
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Sedazine   N/A   Xylazine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties   N/A  
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Cervizine   N/A   Xylazine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties   N/A  
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Dromosedan injectable   N/A   Detomidine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedation and analgesia in horses   N/A  
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Dormosedan Gel   N/A   Detomidine Hydrochloride   Tranquilizer - sedation and analgesia in horses   N/A  
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Domitor   N/A   Medetomidine   Tranquilizer - Sedative and analgesic in dogs (older than 12 wks)   N/A  
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Dexdomitor   N/A   Dexmedtomidine   Tranquilizer - sedative and analgesic in dogs and cats   N/A  
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Sedivet   N/A   Romifidine   Tranquilizer - alpha-2-andrenergic agonist labeled for use in horses   N/A  
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Phenobarbital   Luminal   Long-Acting Oxybarbiturate   Anticonvulsant to prevent epileptic seizures   Class IV  
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Pentobarbital sodium   Nembutal   Short-Acting Oxybarbiturate   1-2 hrs of general anesthesia   Class II  
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Thiopental   Pentothal   Ultrashort-Acting Oxybarbiturate   Anesthetic   N/A  
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Ketamine HCl   Ketaset, Vetalar, Ketalar   Dissociative Agent   Enhance muscle relaxation and deepen the level of anesthesia   Class III  
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Tiletamine HCl   Telazol   Dissociative Agent   Enhance muscle relaxation and deepen the level of anesthesia   Class III  
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Phencyclidine (street names "PCP" or "angel dust")   Sernylan   Dissociative Agent   Immobilizing agent for nonhuman primates   **NO LONGER AVAILABLE**  
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Opium   N/A   Naturally Occurring Narcotic   Diarrhea   N/A  
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Morphine sulfate   Duramorph   Naturally Occurring Narcotic   Severe pain; occasionally used as a preanesthetic or anesthetic agent (e.g. c-section in dog); relieve anxiety associated with acute congestive heart failure   Class II  
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Meperidine   Demerol   Synthetic Narcotic   Relief of acute pain; combined with tranquilizer for use as an anesthetic agent   N/A  
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Oxymorphone   Numorphan, Opana   Synthetic Narcotic   In dogs as chemical restraint, diagnostic procedures, minor surgical procedures; combined with tranquilizer to produce neuroleptanalgesia   N/A  
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Butorphanol tartrate   Torbutrol, Torbugesic   Synthetic Narcotic   Antitussive agent in dogs; preanesthetic or for minor surgical procedures in cats and dogs   Class IV  
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Fentanyl   Recuvrya, Sublimaze, Duragesic (human labels)   Synthetic Narcotic   Control chronic pain   Class II  
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Hydrocodone bitartrate   Hycodan, Tussigon   Synthetic Narcotic   Antitussive in dogs   Class III  
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Etorphine   M-99   Synthetic Narcotic   Restricted to use by veterinarians in zoo or exotic animal practices   Class II  
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Pentazocine   Talwin   Synthetic Narcotic   Pain relief in horses and dogs   Class IV  
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Diphenoxylate   Lomotil   Synthetic Narcotic   Combined with atropine for use as an antidiarrheal agent   Class V  
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Apomorphine   Apokyn (human label and generic products)   Synthetic Narcotic   Inducing vomiting   N/A  
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Methadone   Dolophine   Synthetic Narcotic   Treatment of colic pain in horses   Class II  
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Codeine   N/A   Synthetic Narcotic   Antitussive in dogs   Class II when used alone Class III or Class V when used in combination products  
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Carfentanil   Wildnil   Synthetic Narcotic   Induce wildlife anesthesia   Class II  
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Buprenorphine   Buprenex   Synthetic Narcotic   Potent analgesic   N/A  
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Tramadol   N/A   Synthetic Narcotic   Alternative analgesic agent or as an adjunct for postoperative or chronic pain in dogs and horses   N/A  
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Naloxone   Naloxone HCl injection, Narcan   Opioid Antagonist   Pure opioid antagonist   N/A  
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Nalorphine   Nalline   Opioid Antagonist   Partial antagonist   N/A  
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Butorphanol-mu   N/A   Opioid Antagonist   Sedative or analgesic   N/A  
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Fentanyl and droperidol   Innovar-Vet   Neuroleptanalgesic   Sedation, restraint, anesthesia   N/A  
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Acepromazine and morphine   N/A   Neuroleptanalgesic   Sedation, restraint, anesthesia   N/A  
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Acepromazine and oxymorphone   N/A   Neuroleptanalgesic   Sedation, restraint, anesthesia   N/A  
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Xylazine and butorphanol   N/A   Neuroleptanalgesic   Sedation, restraint, anesthesia   N/A  
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Diazepam   Valium   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Tranquilizer with potent antiseizure properties   N/A  
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Pentobarbital   Nembutal and generic products   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Short-acting barbiturate that is effective for controlling seizures   N/A  
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Phenobarbital   Luminal, Solfoton, generic formulations   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Antiseizure   Class IV  
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Primidone   Mysoline (human label), Neurosyn (veterinary)   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Antiseizure   N/A  
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Phenytoin sodium   Dilantin   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Occasionally used in combination with other antiseizure meds   N/A  
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Bromide   N/A   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Anticonvulsant   N/A  
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Clorazepate   Tranxene-SD   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Used as an adjunctive with other antiseizure agents   N/A  
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Felbamate   Felbatol   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Used for complex or partial seizures   N/A  
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Gabapentin   Neurontin   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Adjunctive treatment of seizures that are difficult to control, as well as for partial complex seizures or pain control   N/A  
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Levetiracetam   Keppra   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Adjunct for refractory canine epilepsy   N/A  
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Zonisamide   Zonegran   Drug Given to Prevent Or Control Seizures   Adjunct for refractory canine epilepsy   N/A  
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Isoflurane   Forane (human label), IsoFlo (veterinary), Isothesia (veterinary)   Inhalant Anesthetic   Rapid induction and recovery times   N/A  
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Sevoflurane   Ultane (human label), SevoFlo (veterinary)   Inhalant Anesthetic   Rapid induction and recovery times; used in high-risk, small-animal patients   N/A  
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Halothane   Fluothane   Inhalant Anesthetic   Rapid induction and recovery times   N/A  
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Methoxyflurane   Metofane   Inhalant Anesthetic   Very slow induction and recovery times   N/A  
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Nitrous oxide   N/A   Inhalant Anesthetic   Used as an adjunct to more potent agents during mask induction to speed the induction of anesthesia   N/A  
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Propofol   Rapinovet, PropoFlo, Diprivan (human label), PropoFlo-28, PropoClear   Miscellaneous CNS Drug   Useful for anesthetic induction before administration of an inhalant anesthetic, for outpatient procedures, subsitute for barbiturates in sighthounds, for patients with preexisting cardiac arrhythmia, anesthetic for dogs undergoing c-section   N/A  
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Glyceryl Guaiacolate or Guaifenesin   Guailaxin, Gecolate, Guaifenesin Injection, GuaifenJect   Miscellaneous CNS Drug   Induction or prolongation of general anesthesia in large animals and occasional use as an expectorant   N/A  
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Chloral Hydrate/Magnesium Sulfate   N/A   Miscellaneous CNS Drug   IV agent to produce anesthesia in large animals   *not commonly used  
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Doxapram   Dopram-V, Dopram (approved for human use)   CNS Stimulant   Stimulate respiration in newborns and use during anesthesia   N/A  
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Pentylenetetrazol   Metrazol   CNS Stimulant   Stimulate respirations and to hasten recovery from anesthesia; limited use in veterinary medicine   N/A  
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Caffeine   N/A   CNS Stimulant   Promotes wakefulness   N/A  
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Amphetamines   N/A   CNS Stimulant   Potent stimulant of the cerebral cortex   *few legitimate uses in veterinary medicine  
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Succinylcholine chloride   Anectine (human label)   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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Decamethonium   Syncurine   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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d-Tubocurarine chloride   Curare   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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Gallamine   Flaxedil   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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Pancuronium bromide   Pavulon   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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Vecuronium bromide   Norcuron   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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Atracurium   Tracrium   Neuromuscular Blocking Agent (Muscle Relaxant)   Adjunct to general anesthesia and to facilitate endotracheal intubation   N/A  
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Diazepam   Valium   Antianxiety Medication (Benzodiazepines)   Fears and phobias, separation anxiety, aggression, anxiety-induced stereotypes, urine marking in cats, and appetite stimulation   N/A  
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Alprazolam   Xanax   Antianxiety Medication (Benzodiazepines)   Fears and phobias, separation anxiety, aggression, anxiety-induced stereotypes, urine marking in cats, and appetite stimulation   N/A  
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Lorazepam   Ativan   Antianxiety Medication (Benzodiazepines)   Fears and phobias, separation anxiety, aggression, anxiety-induced stereotypes, urine marking in cats, and appetite stimulation   N/A  
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Buspirone   Buspar   Antianxiety Medication (Azapirones)   Control of urine spraying/marking, fearfulness, anxiety   N/A  
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Amitriptyline   Elavil, generic forms   Antidepressant (Tricyclic)   Separation anxiety, obsessive disorders, fearful aggression, hyperactivity, hypervocalization, and urine marking   N/A  
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Imipramine   Tofranil   Antidepressant (Tricyclic)   Separation anxiety, obsessive disorders, fearful aggression, hyperactivity, hypervocalization, and urine marking   N/A  
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Clomipramine   Anafranil, Clomicalm   Antidepressant (Tricyclic)   Separation anxiety, obsessive disorders, fearful aggression, hyperactivity, hypervocalization, and urine marking   N/A  
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Fluoxetine   Prozac (human label), Reconcile (dogs)   Antidepressant (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)   Obsessive disorders, phobias, aggression, separation anxiety   N/A  
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Sertraline   Zoloft   Antidepressant (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)   Obsessive disorders, phobias, aggression, separation anxiety   N/A  
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Paroxetine   Paxil   Antidepressant (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)   Obsessive disorders, phobias, aggression, separation anxiety   N/A  
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Fluvoxamine   Luvox   Antidepressant (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)   Obsessive disorders, phobias, aggression, separation anxiety   N/A  
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Selegiline   Eldepryl, Zelapar, Anipryl   Antidepressant (Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor)   Old-dog dementia, canine Cushing's disease   N/A  
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Megestrol acetate   Megace, Ovaban   Antidepressant (Synthetic Progestin)   Urine spraying/marking, intermale aggression, dominance aggression   N/A  
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Medroxyprogesterone   Depo-Provera   Antidepressant (Synthetic Progestin   Urine spraying/marking, intermale aggression, dominance aggression   N/A  
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Gabapentin   N/A   Miscellaneous Behavioral Agent   Anxiety or social phobia   N/A  
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Clorazepate   Tranxene-SD   Miscellaneous Behavioral Agent   Anxiety or social phobia   Class IV  
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Methylphenidate   Ritalin   Miscellaneous Behavioral Agent   Hyperactivity in dogs   Class II  
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Pentobarbital sodium   Sleepaway, Socumb-6GR, Fatal Plus, pentobarbital generic   Euthanasia Agent   Used for euthanasia   Class II  
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Pentobarbital sodium   Beuthanasia, Euthasol, SomnaSol   Euthanasia Agent   Used for euthanasia *different from other: contains rhodamine B (bluish-red dye), phenytoin, preservative   Class III  
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