5. Microbiology Basics
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| Disease producing organisms | Pathogens
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| Infection restricted to a small area | Localized infection
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| Widespread infection | Systemic infection
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| Chemicals used to treat bacterial infections | Antibiotics
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| A disease that can be spread from one host to another | Communicable disease
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| A disease acquired by many people in a given area over a short time period | Epidemic disease
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| A worldwide epidemic | Pandemic
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| The study of the occurrence and distribution of diseases in a population | Epidemiology
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| Time from exposure to a pathogen until development of symptoms | Incubation period
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| Bacteria that live on/in our bodies but generally do not cause disease | Normal flora
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| A hospital–acquired infection | Nosocomial infection
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| A continual source of infection living or nonliving | Reservoir of infection
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| The ability to ward off disease | Resistance
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| A process that destroys all living organisms and their spores | Sterilization
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| A carrier of pathogens from host to host | Vector
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| A round shaped bacteria | Coccus
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| A rod shaped bacteria | Bacillus
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| Round bacteria in chains | Streptococci
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| Round bacteria in clusters | Staphylococci
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| A bacteria that is a curved rod and causes severe diarrhea | Vibrio cholerae
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| The organism that causes syphillis | Treponema pallidum
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| The bacterial cell is surrounded by these two structures | Cell wall & cell membrane
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| Some bacteria form these structures that allow them to survive in a harsh environment | Spores
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| These two types of bacteria are smaller than most and must live within the cells of the host | Rickettsia and Chlamydia
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| The smallest of infectious agents | Viruses
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| Examples of viral diseases | Mumps, measles, influenza, poliomyelitis, AIDS
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| Infections caused by pathogenic fungi | Mycotic infections
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| Single–cell, animal like microbes | Protozoa
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| Four main types of protozoa | Amebas, Ciliates, Flagellates, and Sporozoa
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| Parasitic worms are called this | Helminths
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| A common disease of children where the worms live in the anus but travel to the perianal area to lay their eggs | Pinworm
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| Ringworm is an infection due to ____________ | A fungus
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| Insects with jointed legs are called | Arthropods
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| Parasites that live on the outer surface of the body | Ectoparasites
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| Parasites that live inside the body | Endoparasites
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| The person or organism that is infected by a pathogen causing infection | Host
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| A staining procedure done to identify bacteria that results in purple/blue and pink/red organisms | Gram stain
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| Gram+ is what color | Purple/blue
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| Gram– is what color | Pink/red
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| Stain used to identify tuberculosis organisms | Acid–fast stain
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| The growth of pathogens in a media is called a _________ | Culture
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| Culture and sensitivity test is ___________ | Growing bacteria and seeing which antibiotics will kill them
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| The ways in which bacteria gain access to our bodies by the respiratory, GI, GU tract is called __________ | Portals of entry
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| The most important procedure in preventing the spread of infection is _______________ | Handwashing
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| A nonliving vector is also called a ______________ | Fomite
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| An infection that occurs and follows another infection is called a/an ______________ | Superinfection
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| An animal disease that is transmissible to humans | Zoonosis
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| Someone who has an infection and can spread it but also no longer has symptoms of the disease | Carrier
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| MRSA stands for _________ | Methicillin–resistant staph aureus
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