Imaging Equipment. Chap 1 Concepts, Chap 2 Structure
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| ____ is anything that occupies space | show 🗑
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| the fundamental building blocks of matter are | show 🗑
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| prefix kilo stands for ______. So, a kilogram is equal to how many grams? | show 🗑
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| International system (SI) energy is measured in _____. In radiology the unit ______ is often used. | show 🗑
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| show | to do work by virtue of position
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| energy of motion is | show 🗑
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| show | dynamite, or metabolizing food (energy released by a chemical reaction)
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| show | thermal energy (heat)
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| show | energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom
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| Theory of relativity? | show 🗑
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| show | E=mc^2 (E is energy, m is mass, c is velocity/speed of the radiation)
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| Radiation is | show 🗑
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| show | removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts.
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| show | an ion pair.
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| Two main categories of sources of ionizing radiation | show 🗑
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| Natural environmental radiation results in an annual dose of approx. ________. Man-made radiation results in _________ annually. | show 🗑
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| show | cosmic rays, terrestrial rad, internally deposited radionuclides, and radon.
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| show | cosmic rays
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| show | terrestrial
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| show | radon
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| radon is a radioactive gas that is produced by | show 🗑
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| ____ emits alpha particles, which are not penetrating, and therefore contributes a radiation dose only to the lung | show 🗑
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| show | november 8, 1895
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| Roentgen produced and published the first medical x-ray image in ____, it was an image of what? | show 🗑
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| x-ray voltages are measured in ______. | show 🗑
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| show | 1000
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| show | milliampere (mA), ampere (A) is a measure of electrical current. (Milli is prefix for 1/1000.)
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| show | 1898 by Thomas Edison.
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| Who is Clarence Dally? Why is he important? | show 🗑
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| William D. Coolidge unveiled his hot-cathode x-ray tube to the medical community when? | show 🗑
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| X-ray tubes used today are refinements of the ___ tube. What tube did Roentgen discover x-rays with? | show 🗑
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| Radiology emerged as a medical specialty because of the _____ and the ________. | show 🗑
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| show | 1973
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| When was ASRT founded? | show 🗑
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| Physics is the study of | show 🗑
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| show | mass, length, time
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| The second (s) is based on the vibration of atoms of | show 🗑
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| Every measurement has two parts: _____ and a _____ | show 🗑
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| show | 1R = 258 x 10^-4 c/kg
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| show | velocity/speed
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| show | meters per second (m/s)
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| Equation for velocity is: | show 🗑
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| The rate of change of velocity with time is ________ | show 🗑
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| show | meters per second squared (m/s^2)
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| Newtons fundamental laws of motion: | show 🗑
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| Newtons first fundamental law of motion: | show 🗑
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| Newtons first fundamental law: (simple) | show 🗑
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| Newtons second law: | show 🗑
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| show | Action/reaction- for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. ("action" was newtons word for "force".. if you push on a heavy block, the block will push back with same force you apply)
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| show | the product of its mass and the acceleration of gravity.
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| show | momentum
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| Work is the product of ___ and ____. In mathematical terms the unit of work is the | show 🗑
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| show | power.
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| show | kinetic (associated with motion) and potential (stored)
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| show | conduction, convection, radiation.
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| show | conduction. ex- when a hot object and a cold object are placed in contact.
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| show | Convection. ex- steam radiator or forced air furnace heats a room.
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| show | thermal radiation. ex- reddish glow emitted by hot objects.
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| show | 118, 92, 26
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| ___ is the smallest particle that has all the properties of _____ | show 🗑
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| show | by the placement of electrons in each atom?
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| Elements in the same ____ reach chemically in a similar fashion and have similar physical properties | show 🗑
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| Who introduced the nuclear atom model? Who improved that model, like a mini solar system? | show 🗑
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| which model most accurately describes the details of the atoms atomic structure? | show 🗑
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| show | protons and neutrons, quarks, gluons.
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| show | protons, neutrons, electrons.
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| show | When precision is not necessary, mass numbers is used, its a system of whole numbers.
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| 2 types of nucleons? | show 🗑
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| show | protons
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| show | protons
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| show | isotopes (same atomic #, different atomic mass)
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| The force that keeps an electron in orbit is the ____________ force. The _________ force makes it so electrons maintain their distance from the nucleus. | show 🗑
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| True or false: the greater the the total # of e- in an atom, the more tightly each is bound. | show 🗑
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| Atomic number is represented by ___, atomic mass is represented by ___. | show 🗑
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| Atomic number (Z) is what? Atomic mass (A) is what? | show 🗑
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| Atomic nuclei that have the same atomic mass # but different atomic #s are _______ | show 🗑
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| Atoms that have the same # of neutrons but different # of protons are _____ | show 🗑
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| _____ have the same atomic number and the same atomic mass number. | show 🗑
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| isotoPe- same Proton. isobAr- same A (atomic mass). isotoNe- same Neutron. isoMer- Metastable | show 🗑
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| What is a compound? | show 🗑
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| Covalent bonding is characterized by | show 🗑
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| show | giving up an electron, resulting in opposite electrostatic charges.
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| show | an atom, a molecule.
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| __________ is the spontaneous emission of particles and energy in order to become stable | show 🗑
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| show | radioisotopes, decay.
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| Radioisotopes can decay to stability in many ways, but two are: | show 🗑
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| show | Beta
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| show | Beta. (looses an e-, simultaneously a neutron transforms to a proton)
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| show | alpha
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| What emession (beta or alpha) looses 2 units of positive charge and four units of mass? (chemically different and lighter by 4 amu) | show 🗑
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| show | beta. only heavy radioisotopes are capable of alpha.
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| show | the half life of a radioisotope is the time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its original value.
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| show | kinetic energy transferred from photons to e- during ionization and excitation.
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| show | joules per kilogram where 1J/kg is 1 gray (Gya)
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| Air kerma (Gya) is the unit of | show 🗑
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| The gray (Gyt) is the unit of | show 🗑
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| show | sievert (Sv)
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| The ____ is the unit of quantity of radioactive material, not the radiation emitted by that material | show 🗑
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| show | particulate and electromagnetic radiation
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| show | particulate
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| show | alpha and beta particles
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| ___ particles contain 2 neutrons and 2 protons, no e- which makes them dangerous due to the positive charge. ____ particles is an e- emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. | show 🗑
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| show | groups, periods.
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| Some atoms, which contain too many or too few neutrons, can disinegrate. this is called | show 🗑
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