CNS 2nd lecture exam - Cerebellum
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| Cerebellum intergrate very rapidly information on what ? (3) | 1. Momentary status of muscle contraction 2. Joint tension 3. Visual and auditory input on equilibrium
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| Cerebellum makes our movements ___? | Smooth and effective (influences muscle tone and posture)
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| Right cerebellar hemisphere deals with which side of the body? | Right
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| ___ is one of the cerebellum's greates attributes? | Compensation
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| The cerebellum is attache to the MO via the ___. To the pons via the ___ and the midbrain via the ____ | 1. Inferior cerebellar peduncle - restiform body 2. Middle cerebellar peduncle 3. Superior cerebellar peduncle
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| Most common brain tumor in a child is a ___? Where does it occur? | 1. Medulloblastoma 2. Superior medullary velum
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| External subdivisions of the cerbellum? | Median = vermis Lateral = Hemispheres
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| Inferior cerebellar peduncle: __ dominate and __ are present | Afferent dominate and efferent are present
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| Middle cerebellar peduncle: ___ fibers only! | Afferent
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| Superior cerebellar peduncle: __ dominate and ___ are present | Efferent fibers dominate and afferent fibers are present
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| What is the white mater of the cerebellum called? | Corpus meduallare
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| White matter of cerebellum is continuous with what? | The 6 cerebellar peduncles
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| Extension of white matter toward the periphery appear as a branching tree called the what? | Arbor Vitae
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| The anterior of Paleocerebellar lobe receives its input from which 2 tracts? | Spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar
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| The function of the paleocerebellar lobe? | General muscle tone
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| The posterior or neocerebellar layer gets its input from where and what is its function? | 1.Corticopontocerebellar 2. Coordination of skilled movement
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| The flocculonodular lobe receives input from where and its function? | 1. Vestibular nucleus 2. Equilibrium
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| Isolated in the white matter are 4 pairs of nuclei called the what? | Central cerebellar nuclei
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| Types of neurons in the cerebellum? | Perkinje, golgi II, Stellate, Basket, Grannular
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| Two axons that bring input to the cerebellum? | Mossy and climbing fibers
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| How might the cerebellum deal with restoring muscle tone of the left thigh? | 1. Anterior spinocerebellar tract will take input to the inferior and-or superior cerebellar peduncles. 2. From there, fibers will travel to the anterior lobe. 3. From there, fibers will go down to the globose and fastigial nucleus.
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| What fibers take messages away from the cerebellum? (efferent) | Purkinje fibers
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| Most purkinje axons terminate in the ___. But a few bypass to ___. What neurotransmitter do they release? | 1. Deep central cerebellar nuclei 2. Deiter's portion of the vestibular nuclei 3. GABA
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| Grannular cells are stimulates by incomming what? | Mossy fibers
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| Grannular cells are stimulated by what? | Glutamate
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| Mossy fibers originate where? | Spinocerebellar and corticopontocerebellar tracts
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| Information leaves the cerebellar cortex via ___? Their inhibitory target is the what? | 1. Perkinje cells 2. Deep cerebellar nuclei
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| Grannular cells are excitatory to what? Neurotransmitter? | 1. Perkinje cells 2. Glutamate
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| Where do climbing fibers originate? Neurotransmitter? | 1. Inferior olivary nucleus 2. Aspartate
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| Purkinje cell layer is composed of haw many cell bodies? | 30 million
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| Are pukinje cells excititory or inhibitory? | Inhibitory
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| What is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain? | Glutamate!
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| How many grannular cells are there? | 3-7 million per mm3
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| Mossy fibers stimulate what? Excitory or inhibitory? | 1. Grannular cells 2. Excititory
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| Which are more numorus: mossy or climbing fibers? | Mossy
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| Grannular cells synapse with what? They are ___ and release what? | 1. Purkinje 2. Excititory 3. Glutamate
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| Purkinje are stimulated by 2 excititory cells? | Mossy and climbing fibers
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| Input from climbing and mossy fibers is intergrates through which cells? | Perkinje, stelate, basket, golgi II, grannular
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| Mossy fibers are excitatory to what? | Grannular cells
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| Purkinje cells go where? Excitatory or inhibitory? Neurotransmitter? | 1. Deep nuclei 2. Inhibitory 3. GABA
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| Climbing fibers go where? Excitatory or inhibitory? Neurotransmitter? | 1. Purkinje cells 2. Extremly excitatory 3. Aspartate
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| Largest and most lateral nuclei? | Dentate
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| The anterior lobe of cerebellum synapses with which 2 deep nuclei? | Globose and fastigial
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| The posterior lobe synapses with what deep nuclei? | Eboliform and dentate
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| What does the flocculonodual lobe synapse with? | Fastigial nuclei
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| Efferent cerebella outflow: Where does the fastigial nucleus terminate? Via what? | Vestibular nuclei and CN 3, 4 and 6 via the inferiror cebrebellar peduncle
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| Cerebellar outflow: where do globose axons terminate? Via what? | Red nucleus and reticular formation via the superior cerebellar peduncle
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| Cerebellar efferent outflow: Where do the dentate and eboliform axons terminate? | Red nucleus and thalamus via the superior cerebellar peduncle
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| Is the cerebellar functionally ipsi or bilateral? | Ipsilateral
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| Equilibrium disturbances where patient fights from falling backwards AKA what? This is due to a lesion in this lobe. | Flocculonodular syndrome due to a lesion in the flocculonodular lobe
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| Ataxia is what and results from a lesion in what lobe? | Lack of order of coordination due to a lesion in the neocerebellum
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| Intension tremors are common in what lobe? | Neocerebellar
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| What is dysmetria? | When you over or undershoot your target
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| Repetative jerking movements of the eyeballs is called what? This is due to a ___ impairement. | 1. Nystagmus 2. Flocculus-Fastigial impairment
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| Nystagmus is related to which cranial nerves? | 3,4,6
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