chapter 3 Cell structure/function
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| most cells are smaller than | 0.1mm
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| cells are small because nutrients pass through the _?_ to enter the cell | plasma membrane
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| cells are small because nutrients pass through the plasma membrane to _?_ the cell | enter
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| cells are small because wastes pass through the plasma membrane to _?_ the cell | exit
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| a cell needs enough _?_ to exchange materials with its environment | surface area
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| the amount of surface area (plasma membrane) affects the ability to | get materials in and out of a cell
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| what happens when cells increase in size | the amount of surface area relative to volume decreases
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| what happens if cells become to large | the surface area would be insufficient to service the increasing volume
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| two main types of cells | prokaryotic / eukaryotic
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| eukaryotic cell structures are surrounded by a semifluid medium inside the cell called | cytoplasm
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| what is a nucleus | determines the cells characteristics by coding for the protiens, stores the dna
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| what is a nucleoplasm | semifluid medium inside the nucleus
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| what is a nucleolus | produces ribosomes
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| what is a nuclear envelope | double membrane that has pores through which materials may pass
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| what are ribosomes | directly synthesize protiens
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| where are the ribosomes located | may be free cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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| what is a endomembrane system | series of intracellular membranes that compartmentalize the cell
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| what is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | consist of membranous channels and sacs
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| what is a rough endoplasmic reticulum | site for protein synthesis, has ribosomes
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| what is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum | lipid synthesis, detoxification and a transport to the Golgi
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| what does a golgi apparatus do | (UPS) collects, sorts, packages, and distributes materials
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| what does a lysosomes do | (garbage system) vessel that contains digestive enzymes that break down materials for the cell
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| what does a vacuoles do | membranes sac that store substances/ water, pigment, toxins
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| what does a peroxisomes do | vessels that carry out various metabolic functions by oxidizing organic compounds
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| choloroplasts are found where | plants and algae
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| cholorplasts contain their own | dna, ribosomes, enzymes (C)
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| choloroplasts: photosynthesis | solar energy is converted into chemical energy within carbohydrates
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| mitochondria is found where | all eukaryotic cells
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| mitochondria contain their own | dna,ribosomes,enzymes (M)
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| choloroplasts is the site of | photosynthesis
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| mitochondria is the site of | cellular respiration
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| mitochondria: cellular respiration | breakdown of food for energy
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| cytoskeleton are | network of connected filaments and tubules that extend from the nucleus to the plasma membrane
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| cytoskeleton maintains what | cell shape
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| cytoskeleton assists what | movement of cell and organelles
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| cytoskeleton assembles what | and disassembles as needed
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| cytoskeleton has three types of macromolecular fibers | actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubles
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| actin filament, intermediate filament and microtubles are three types of what cytoskeleton | macromolecular fibers
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| centrosomes and centrioles do what | help organize part of the cytoskeleton (assemble/disassemble)
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| plant cells or animals cells have centrioles | animals cells
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| cilia and flagella are what | hairlike projections that aid in cell movement
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| what does cilia do in the body | help material move through tubes
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| in eukaryotic cells, cilia are much _?_ than flagella | shorter
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