Microbiology (1)
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| show | Fungi (mold), Bacteria (Streptomyces), or synthetic means (manipulation of existing antimicrobics)
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| show | A term in micrograms/mL that gives the minimal amount of antimicrobic needed to inhibit growth of an organism
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| Which major groups of antimicrobial agents are considered to be Narrow-Spectrum agents? | show 🗑
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| What antimicrobics act on CELL WALL SYNTHESIS? | show 🗑
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| What drugs belong in the group GLYCOPEPTIDES, and what do they do? | show 🗑
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| show | penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
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| show | inhibiting the transpeptidation reactions that seal peptide crosslinks between glycan chains in peptidoglcan, which cause the cell to become susceptible to osmotic lysis
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| B-Lactams target what? | show 🗑
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| What is one important EXCEPTION about B-LACTAMS? | show 🗑
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| show | WALL-LESS (Mycoplasma) and INTRACELLULAR (Chlamydia and Rickettsia)
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| show | They differ in the way they affect gram negatives or their susceptibility to penicillinases (beta-lactamases) produced by Staphylococcal species
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| Which drugs are in the penicillinase-resistant penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | they are penicillinase-resistant penicillins (B-lactams)
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| show | methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
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| show | penicillin (G, benzyl penicillin), Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
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| As a physician, you get syphillus from all your promiscus sex with your nurses. What should you primarily give yourself? You then find out you also got gonorrhea. What now? | show 🗑
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| You have 12 yo old girl with a sore throat that cultures positive for B-hemolytic strep? What should be your primary treatment? | show 🗑
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| You have a 10yo boy who has meningitis. You isolate Neisseria meningiditis in culture. What is your primary treatment? | show 🗑
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| You have 2 patients with N. gonorrhoaea and only enough Penicillin for 1 person. Is there a scientific way you could decide who should get it? | show 🗑
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| You have are told that 4 unidentified cultures before you are susceptible to Penicillin G, primarily. You are also told that they are all different. What are they most likely if they are primarily susceptible to Penicillin G? | show 🗑
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| How do ampicillin and amoxicillin differ from Penicillin G? | show 🗑
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| show | Amoxicillin or Ampicillin (Penicillin G will not work), and ampicillin and amoxicillin will really only work of the Enterobacteriaceae strain is wimpy.
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| what are the anti-staphylococcal penicillins? | show 🗑
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| Staphylococci are immune to what Penicillins? | show 🗑
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| show | streptococci; gram negatives
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| show | none of these will work
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| MRSA gains resistance to B-lactamse stable antibiotics by what mechanism? | show 🗑
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| show | vancomycin, a glycopeptide
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| Vancomycin resistant SA can be treated with what? and how do they work? | show 🗑
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| What are the extended spectrum penicillins, and what are they used for? | show 🗑
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| show | extended release penicillins
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| What are clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam? | show 🗑
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| show | ampicillin/sulbactam or amoxicillin/clavulanate
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| what is ampicillin with sulbactam? | show 🗑
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| show | augmentin
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| what is timentin? | show 🗑
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| what is ticarcillin with clavulanate? | show 🗑
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| show | augmentin and timentin
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| show | B-lactamase inhibitors can be used to target gram-negative bacteria when used with a B-lactam, bc many gram- bacteria produce beta-lactamase (which accumulates in the periplasm)
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| When would you use augmentin? | show 🗑
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| You have a patient with Neisseria gonhorrea. You treat with penicillin, as it is the primary trx, but he doesn't seem to be getting better. Why? and what would be your new treatment? | show 🗑
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| show | Moraxella catarrhalis; H. influenzae, Neisseria gonhorrhea, S. aureus, and a bunch of anerobic coverage
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| show | when you have a B-lactamase (+) organism that is more likely gram- bacilli and anerobes
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| show | imipenem and meopenem
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| show | it is the smalled B-lactam and it's a zwitterion so it can fit through the porin channels in the OM of g- bacteria
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| show | first generation cephalosporins came out which at first worked for B-lactamse + SA, but it wasn't active against enterobacteria so they were selected
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| what are the first generation cephalosporins? | show 🗑
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| show | as prophylaxis for many surgical procedures to treat wound infections is most likely SA or Strep pyogenes
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| show | their gram negative coverage goes up
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| which cephalosporins have the least gram negative coverage? | show 🗑
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| show | cefurxime and cefotetan
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| show | second generation
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| show | ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone
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| Third generation cephalosporins have a reasonably broad spectrum of activity against what? | show 🗑
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| show | THIRD GENERATION: ceftazidime and cefoperazone; FOURTH GENERATION: cefepime
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| what is vancomycin's spectrum? | show 🗑
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| show | E. faecium
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| You have a patient that has gram positive meningitis. A medical student suggests Vancomycin, knowing it has good coverage. WHy is the attending extremely pissed. | show 🗑
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| show | MACROLIDES (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin); CLINDAMYCIN; LINEZOLID; STREPTOGRAMINS [Synercid (quinupristin/dalfopristin)]
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| show | Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides,
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| show | 50s, inhibit chain elongation
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| You have a patient with Streptococci, and you see on her chart she is allergic to penicillin. What is a logical choice. | show 🗑
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| show | mycoplasma, legionelle, and chlamydia
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| show | azithromycin has a larger spectrum (B-lactamase+ H influenzae, M catarrhalis, and N. gon)
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| show | azithromycin
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| ONLY _________ and _________ can be treated with a 1st generation penicillin without being concerned about resistance | show 🗑
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| show | Doxycycline.
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