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Heredity

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Term
Definition
DNA   a molecule that is present in all living cells and contains information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits  
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Chromosomes   on of the structures in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell that's made up of DNA  
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Cell Cycle   the life cycle of the cell  
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Interphase   the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth occur without signs of cell division  
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Mitosis   the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells  
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Cytokinesis   the division of the cytoplasm of a cell  
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Homologous Chromosome   chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure  
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Meiosis   a process in cell division where the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by 2 divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells  
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Asexual Reproduction   reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells; one parent produces offspring that are directly identical to the parent  
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Sexual Reproduction   reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite to produce offspring that shares traits from both parents  
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Fertilizer   the union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote  
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Heredity   the passing of genetic material from parent to offspring  
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Gene   one set of instructions for an inherited trait  
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Allele   one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristics, such as hair color  
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Genotype   the entire genetic makeup of an organism; combination of genes for one or more specific traits  
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Phenotype   an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristics  
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Dominant   in genetics, describes an allele that is fully expressed whenever the allele is present in an individual  
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Recessive   describes an allele that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for the trait  
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Incomplete Dominance   a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is an intermediate of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents  
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Codominance   a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is the combination of the phenotypes of the two homozygous parents  
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Punnett Square   a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross  
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Probability   the likelihood that the possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event  
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Ratio   a comparison of two numbers using division  
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Pedigree   a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family  
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Created by: samantham812
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