Language
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Vervet monkeys | Animal that have different calls for different predators. Leopard call (climb trees), snake call (stand up and search ground), eagle call (rush to bushes)
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| Honey bees | Animal that do a "waggle dance" to find food relative to the sun
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| Apes | Animal that has been taught few words, but is most successful with sign communication
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| Washoe | Ape that called a swan in water "water bird," but critics say he was talking about the bird and water as two separate things
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| Koko | Ape that called Pinocchio "elephant baby"
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| Lana | Ape that wanted the fruit orange, but did not know word, so said "Tim give me orange apple"
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| Classical conditioning | Criticism against apes knowing language - could just be trained to do certain thing for reward, or imitating trainers
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| Symbolic, generative, structured | 3 aspects of language
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| Generative language | Limited number of symbols can be combined to form infinite number of new combinations
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| Structured language | The phonemes in words
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| Phonemes | Set of basic sounds - word "afternoon" would have 8
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| Morphones | Smallest unit of meaning - word "afternoon" would have 2
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| Semantics | Rules used to derive meaning, like "-ed" means past
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| Syntax | Rules to order words into phrases or sentences, like "the cat" not "cat the"
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| Kanzi | Pygmy chimp that understood syntax - asked to make dog bite snake, so put snake in dog's mouth
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| 6 months | Age for babies babbling (deaf babies can as well)
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| 10-13 months | Age for babies using words
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| 19-24 months | Age for fast mapping - being able to understand concept after one exposure
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| Overextension / overgeneralization | When child uses words incorrectly to describe wider set of objects or actions
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| Holophrases | Single words that act as sentences - used by babies
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| Two word stage / telegraphic speech | Stage when babies combine concepts to form few word sentences that will only contain nouns and verbs
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| Overregularization | When grammatical rules are incorrectly generalized, like "bestest class"
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| Metalinguistic awareness | Ability to reflect on the use of language, and understanding of complex sentences (like puns)
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| Behaviorist | Explanation for child development believing that language is acquired through learning processes like observational learning, operant conditioning, and shaping
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| Nativist | Explanation for child development believing that language is innate and we are born with hardware, and the experience that child lives through creates software
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| Skinner | Language behaviorist
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| Noam Chomsky | Language nativist that believed that there is an inborn universal grammar
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| Language Acquisition Device | Innate mechanism or process that facilitates learning of language - used as evidence for ease of language acquisition in childhood
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| Interactionists | Believe that language development is combination of nature and nurture, a mix of nativists and behaviorists
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| Critical period | Time between 2 years and puberty when mind is primed to learn language
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| Linguistic relativity | States that language determines the nature of one's thought - Whorf's hypothesis. Like how eskimos have many words for snow. Critics say they don't have many, and we have more than one.
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| Broca's area | Area of brain needed for necessary production of speech
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| Wernicke's area | Area of brain needed for language comprehension
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| Cognition | Mental processes involved in acquiring and using knowledge.
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Created by:
uriel_magana
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