Meiosis
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| How are egg cells generated | A process called oogenesis
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| What do egg cells only have... | One copy of each also known as a haploid
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| How many chromosomes does a human have | 23
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| How are sperm cells made | A process called spermatogenesis
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| How many copies does a sperm cell have of a chromosome | One copy of each also known as haploid
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| What is the female and male reproductive cell called | Gametes
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| Meiosis is similar to __________ | Mitosis
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| What is a difference between meiosis and mitosis | Mitosis has interphase in between unlike meiosis
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| In meiosis, ______ cell(s) become _________ cell(s)called _________ | one; four; gametes
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| When two gamete cells fertilize, the new cell is called what | zygotes
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| What is fertilization | The union of a sperm and an egg creating a zygote (important to start with haploid cells {1N} )
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| What is the process of meiosis | It cuts chromosome number in half, creates variation in evolution and it makes offspring unique
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| What does each organism have to inherit | a single copy of every chromosome from each parent
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| What are two sets of chromosomes | homologus
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| What are the phases of meiosis | Meiosis I, Meiosis II
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| What is meiosis I | It is the process of reduction division where the number of chromosomes per cell is the number of chromosomes per cell cut in half thorough the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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| What is meiosis II | the diploid cell that is divided again to produce four haploid cells
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| What happens at interphase I in meiosis I | The cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes. The cells are now 4N (92 chromosomes for a human)
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| What happens in prophase I during meiosis I | chromosomes pair with its homologous chromosome to form a tetrad.
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| What does it mean to be crossing over | Chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids. It creates new combinations of alleles (genes).
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| What happens in metaphase I during meiosis I | Chromosomes line up opposite of their homologous pairs. Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
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| How is metaphase I different in meiosis than mitosis | They line up in single file during mitosis but in meiosis, they line up opposite of each homologous pair
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| What happens in anaphase I during meiosis I | the fibers separate the homologous chromosomes towards the opposite ends. The duplicated chromosomes separate.
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| What happens during telophase I and cytokinesis during meiosis I | Nuclear membrane form and the cell separates into two new cells. The two cells produced by meiosis have chromosomes and alleles that are different from eachother and from diploid cells. The two new cells have 2N.
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| What happens in meiosis II | the two cells produced during meiosis I now enter the second division.
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| Is meiosis II and mitosis similar | Yes except meiosis II doesn't go through chromosome replication
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| What happens during prophase II | Centrioles move to opposite sides of cells to form spindle fibers
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| What happens during metaphase II | Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell (single file)
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| What happens during anaphase II | The sister chromatids are pulled apart at the middle (like mitosis)
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| What happens during telophase II and cytokinesis | Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells which are different from eachother.
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| How is meiosis result in male cells | there are four equal size gametes called sperm
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| How does meiosis result in female cells | only one egg results, the other three are called polar bodies because they are not involved
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| What does meiosis reduce | The chromosomes number by copying the chromosomes once during interphase but dividing twice
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| What happens in the first division | meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes
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| What happens in the second division | meiosis II separates sister chromatids
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