Reviews basics of pharmacology
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| Pharmacokinetics | What the body does to the drug.
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| 4 Basic Processes involved in drug utilization in the body | (Determine the [drug] at its sites of action. 1) absorption 2) distribution 3) metabolism 4) excretion
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| Absorption | Movement of drug from site of administration into the blood
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| Distribution | Drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues then into cells
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| Metabolism (Biotransformation) | Process of breaking down a drug
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| Excretion | Movement of drugs outside of the body
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| Blood-Brain Barrier | Presence of tight junctions between the cells in capillary walls of CNS means drugs must pass capillary cells not between them to get into CNS. (Also p-glycoprotein)
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| Therapeutic Range | Lies between the MEC and the toxic concentration - Drugs with a wide therapeutic range are relatively easy to use safely.
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| Half-Life | The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decline by 50%. Drugs with short 1/2-lives have short dosing intervals.
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| Factors Affecting Drug Absorption (5) | 1) Rate of dissolution 2) Surface area available for absorption 3) Blood flow 4) Lipid solubility 5) pH partitioning
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| What is an agonist? | A drug that brings out a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptors
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| What is an antagonist? | A drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor
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| Adverse Reaction | An undesirable response to a drug, varies from mild to fatal is known as what?
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| A controlled substance. Class I-V | A drug with the potential for abuse and/or addiction.
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| What is the major route of elimination? | Kidneys
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| Synergism | Occurs when 2 drugs w/ different sites or mechanisms of action produce greater effects when taken together.
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| What are side effects? | Often occur with usual therapeutic doses of drugs. Mild but annoying
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| Teratogenic | Ability of substance to cause abnormal fetal development when taken by pregnant women.
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| Enteral Drug | Directly into the GI tract ie: oral, NG, rectal
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| Topical Drug | Is applied directly to the area where a reaction is desired. The resulting effect is often local.
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| Parenteral Drug | Is applied to an area of the body other than the digestive tract. IM, SQ, IV, epidural
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| generic name | The name the drug manufacturer uses for the drug.
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| brand name/trade name | A manufacturer's proprietary name, or the name for the drug manufactured by one company for their medication. .capitalized
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| chemical name | The name given for the atomic or molecular structure of a drug.
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| 3 Names Drugs use | 1. Chemical 2. Generic (nonproprietary name) 3. Brand or Trade name
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| percutaneous | through topical (skin), sublingual(under the tongue), buccal (against the cheek) INH(breathing
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| desired effect | The expected response of the medication
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| nephrotoxic | Damage to the kidney
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| hepatotoxic | Damage to the liver
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| anaphylactic reaction | Life-threatening allergy
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| adverse effect | More severe symptoms or problems that arise because of the medication
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| Idiosyncratic response | Strange, unpredictable response to a medication
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| Pregnancy categories | Classification of drugs according to their known level of risk to the fetus. A,B,C,D,X.
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| Pregnancy category A | Many studies done and shows no increased risk of fetal abnormalities
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| Pregnancy category X | Many studies done and show positive evidence of fetal abnormalities
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| What is the main organ of metabolism? | Liver
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| Place in order, from quickest to slowest absorption- PO, IM, SQ, IV | IV, SQ, IM, PO
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| Incompatibility | When one drug interferes with the action of another drug.
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