positioning final
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| # of bones in the hand | 27
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| another name for scaphoid | navicular
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| another name for lunate | semilunar
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| another name for triquetrum | triquetral, cuneiform and triangular
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| another name for pisiform | no other name
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| another name for trapezium | greater multangular
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| another name for trapezoid | lesser multangular
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| another name for capitate | os magnum
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| another name for hamate | unciform
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| why do you do a ap oblique hand norgaard/ballcatchers? | rheumatoid arthritis
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| why do you do a pa wrist with ulnar deviation? | to visualize scaphoid
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| how do you do a pa axial scaphoid, stecher? | elevate finger end of ir 20 degrees and shoot at scaphoid
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| how to do tangential carpal canal, gaynor hart? | wrist on ir, bend fingers back, cr 1 inch distal to base of 3rd metatarsal 25-30 down.
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| rotation for oblique elbows? | 45 degrees
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| how to do the axiolateral coyle method for the radial head? | flex elbow 90 degrees and shoot 45 degrees towards the shoulder
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| how to do the axiolateral coyle method for the coronoid process? | flex elbow 80 degrees and shoot 45 degrees away from the shoulder.
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| positioning for ap shoulder with external rotation? | supinate the hand so the humoral epicondyles are parallel to the Ir. greater tubercle in profile
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| positioning for ap shoulder with neutral rotation? | rest palm on the thigh. epicondyles form 45 degrees with ir
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| positioning for ap shoulder with internal rotation? | rest back of hand on hip, epicondyles perpendicular to ir. lesser tubercle in profile
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| where is the cr for the ap shoulder? | 1 inch below the coroniod process
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| what is the main reason for the ap oblique grashey? | to see the glenoid cavity
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| positioning for the ap oblique grashey | rotate 35-45 degrees toward affected side. place hand on stomach
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| CR for the ap oblique grashey? | 2 inches medial and 2 inches inferior to superolateral boarder of shoulder
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| positioning for the transthoracic lateral shoulder? | raise the unaffected arm, center ir to surgical neck of humerus
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| CR for transthoracic lateral shoulder? | perpendicular to surgical neck. angle 10-15 cephalad if pt cant raise unaffected arm
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| Positioning for inferosuperior axial shoulder, lawrence and rafert? | abduct the arm minimum of 20 degrees. humerus in external rotation.
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| CR for inferosuperior axial shoulder lawrence? | thru armpit 15-30 degree medially
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| Cr for inferosuperior axial shoulder rafert? | 15 dgrees medially thru armpit. for hill sachs defect
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| position for pa oblique shoulder, scapular y? | put anterior side of affected shoulder on ir with body rotated 45 to 60 degrees
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| CR for pa oblique shoulder, scapular y? | perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint
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| positioning for shoulder outlet, neer method? | put affected shoulder on ir. rotate pt 45-60 degrees.
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| CR for shoulder outlet, neer method? | 10-15 degrees caudad to enter superior humoral head
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| positioning for bilateral ac joints? | have shoulders lie in same horizontal plane. take 2 pics with and without weights to open joint, only if there is absolutely no dislocation.
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| CR for bilateral AC joints? | perpendicular to midline of body at level of ac joints
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| What is the advantage of doing clavicles pa? | reduces oid
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| What is the advantage of doing ap axial clavicles?(lordotic and 0-15 cephald) | projects clavicle above ribs
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| positioning for ap scapula? | abduct affected arm to make a right angle with the body
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| CR for ap scapula? | perpendicular, 2 inches inferior to coronid process
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| positioning for lateral scapula? | put pt in lao or rao, affected side on ir. 45-60 degree rotation
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| CR for lateral scapula | perpendicular to midscapula
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| positioning for ap oblique scapula? | turn away from affected side to rotate shoulder 15-25 degrees
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| what is the largest sesamoid in the body? | patella
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| how to do tangential sesamoids (lewis and holly) | prone for lewis, seated for holly. dorsiflex foot. center to 1st mtp
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| which things are well shown on the oblique foot (30 degree)? | cuboid in profile and sinus tarsi
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| CR for all foot x rays? | base of the third metatarsal
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| How to do ap axial foot, composite method? | for 1st exposure, put unaffected foot in back. angle 15 degrees posteriorly to base of 3rd metatrsal. for 2nd put unaffected foot forward. angle 25 degrees anteriorly to posterior ankle.
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| how to do axial calcaneus, plantodorsal | supine. dorsiflex foot and angle 40 cephalad near base of 3rd metatarsal
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| how to do axial calcaneus, dorsoplantar | prone. dorsiflex ankle and shoot 40 caudal to ankle
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| Lateral calcaneus CR | 1 inch distal to medial malleolus
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| rotation for mortise ankle? | 15-20 medially
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| which side does the patella lie toward? | medial side
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| knee angle for a less than 19 cm pelvis? | 3-5 caudad
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| knee angle for a 19-24 cm pelvis? | 0
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| knee angle for a pelvis bigger than 24 cm? | 3-5 cephalad
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| lateral knee angle? | 5-7 cephalad
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| limb rotation for oblique knee? | 45 degrees
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| how to do pa axial tunnel holmblad method? | flex knee 70 degrees with patella on ir. shoot thru superior aspect of popliteal fossa
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| how to do pa axial tunnel, camp coventry? | flex knee 40 or 50 degrees. shoot thru popliteal fossa and angle to match knee flexion
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| how to do tangential patella, hughston method? | prone. tibia and fibula should form 50-60 degree angle with table. foot on collimator. angle 45 cephalad
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| how to do tangential patella, merchant method? | supine. flex knee 40 degrees. shoot 30 caudad at patellofemoral joint
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| how to do tangential patella, settegast method? | supine or prone. flex knee so patella is perpendicular to ir. angle 15-20 degrees thru patellofemoral space
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| Which pelvis is wide and shallow? | female
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| How to do ap pelvis? | medially rotate feet 15-20 degrees medial, heels 8-10 inch apart. center 2 inches inferior to asis and 2 inches superior to pubic symphysis.
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| how to do ap oblique femoral necks, modified cleaves | abduct thigh 20-45 degrees, shoot 1 in abouve pubic syphysis or at femoral neck
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| ap hip | rotate leg 15-20 degrees medially. shoot at femoral neck
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| positioning for lateral hip, lauenstein and hickey | put body of femur parallel to table
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| CR for lateral hip lauenstein | 20-25 cephalic to hip joint
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| CR for lateral hip, hickey | 20-25 cephalic and 1 inch inferior to hip joint
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| positioning for axiolateral hip, danelius miller | supine. center greater trochanter to ir. medially rotate leg 15-20 degrees. put ir at hip to be parallel to femoral neck.
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| CR for axiolateral hip, danelius miller | horizontal and thru femoral neck
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| positioning for axiolateral hip, clements nakayama | supine. leave leg in neutral position. put grid parallel to femoral neck and tilt back 15 degrees
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| CR for axiolateral hip clemets nakayama | 15 degrees posteriorly and perpendicular to femoral neck
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| ap oblique judet, internal purpose | for iliopubic column and posterior acetabulum
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| ap oblique judet internal positioning | affected side up to form 45 degrees with table. shoot 2 inches inferior to affected asis
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| ap oblique judet, external purpose | for ilioishial column and anterior acetabulum
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| ap obliue judet external positioning | affected side down to form 45 degrees. shoot at pubic symphysis
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| ap axial outlet | shoot 2 inches inferior to superior boarder of pubic syphysis. angle 20-35 cephalad for men or 30-45 for women
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| superoinferior axial inlet | shoot 40 caudad to the level of asis
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| ap dens fuchs | tip of chin and mastoid process are vertical. shoot just distal to tip of chin
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| ap dens open mouth | open mouth. pronate ahh. msp perpendicular to table. shoot into mouth
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| ap axial cspine | shoot 15-20 cephalad thru c4
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| lateral c spine | roll shoulders posteriorly. shoot thru c4
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| ap axial oblique cspine | turn to 45 degree angle. shoot 15-20 cephalad to c4
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| why do you do ap axial oblique cspine? | intervertebral foramen
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| why do you do lateral swimmers for cspine? | to see c7-t1 if not on regular lateral.
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| ap tspine | shoot halfway between jugular notch and xiphoid process or t7
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| ap oblique lumbar | rotate affected side toward ir 45 degrees. to see zygopophyseal joints
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| CR for lateral and decub abdomen | 2 inches above iliac crest
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