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| Periodic Table of the Elements | (p.105) A table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers.
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| Periodic Law | (p.107) The law stating that the properties of elements vary with their atomic numbers in a periodic way.
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| Transuranium Elements | (p.107) An element with an atomic number higher than ninety-two(92)
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| Group | (p.111) A vertical column of elements in the periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties. (Same as family.)
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| Family | (p.111) A vertical column of elements in the periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties. (Same as group.)
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| Period | (p.111) A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; also called a series.
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| Series | (p.111) A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table; also called a period.
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| International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) | (p.111) The body responsible for the standardization of chemical nomenclature and usage.
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| North American Convention Periodic Table | (p.111) A combination of Arabic numerals and letters are placed above each column to indicate the valence electron structure of the elements in each column.
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| Representative Group | (p,111) Elements in the s and p blocks of the periodic table; designated with A suffixes in the North American Convention Periodic Table.
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| Metal | (p.111) An element located to the left of the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table; an element that is typically solid, malleable, ductile, lustrous, that conducts electricity and heat well, and that forms positive ions when it gives away its few v
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| Nonmetal | (p.112) An element located to the right of, but not touching, the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table; generally a gas or soft.
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| Metalloid | (p.112) An element whose properties lie between those of metals and nonmetals;a compound found touching the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table.
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| Lanthanide Series | (p.112) A portion of the sixth series of the periodic table that includes the inner transition metals from lanthanum to lutetium.
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| Actinide Series | (p.112) A portion of the seventh series of the periodic table that includes the inner transition metals from actinium to lawrencium.
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| Atomic Radius | (p.113) The distance from the center of an atoms nucleus to its outermost electron; measured using a x-ray diffraction.
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| First Ionization energy | (p.115) The minimum amount of energy required to remove the first electron from the outermost shell of a single neutral atom in its gaseous state.
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| Electron Affinity | (p.115) The amount of energy required or released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion.
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| Electronegativity | (p.116) A measure of the tendency of bonded atoms to attract electrons: designated by a small decimal called the electronegativity number (EN).
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| Descriptive Chemistry | (p.118) The study of elements and the compounds they form that stresses identification of properties rather than theoretical calculations.
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| Hydrocarbons | (p.447) An organic, non polar compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
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| Alkali Metals | (p.120) A group 1 (1A) metal; has one valence electron.
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| Alkaline Earth-Metals | (p.120) A Group 2 (2A) metal; has two valence electrons.
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| Big Bang | (p.121) The most popular evolutionary theory for the origin of the universe; suggests that all matter in the universe was condensed to a tiny point and expanded rapidly in a giant explosion that started our universe some 13.7 billion years ago.
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| Transition Metals | (p.123) An element in the d block groups (3-12) of the periodic table.
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| Inner Transition Metals | (p.124) A member of the lanthanide of actinide series.
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| Paramagnetism | (p.124) A weak attraction of a substance by a magnetic field, usually as a result of unpaired electrons.
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| Post-Transition Metals | (p.125) A metal found in families 3-5 in the periodic table.
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| Metalloids | (p.112) An element whose properties lie between those of metals and nonmetals: a compound found touching the heavy stair-step line in the periodic table.
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| Semiconductors | (p.125) A substance with an electrical conductivity intermediate between a conductor and an insulator; can act as either a conductor or an insulator depending on the circumstances.
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| Oxide | (p.130) A binary compound in which the oxidation number of oxygen is -2. (for example, Li2O.)
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| Sulfide | (p.130) A binary compound in which the oxidation number of sulfur is -2. (for example, h2s.)
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| Halogen | (p.131) A group 17 (7A) element; has seven valence electrons, making it chemically reactive.
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| Noble Gas | (p.132) A group 18 (8A) element; has a full outer energy level, very stable and thus essentially inert.
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| Johann Dobereiner | A chemist that began to arrange known elements systematically.
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| John Newlands | Worked to organize the elements and suggested the law of octaves. Organized elements by atomic mass.
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| Dmitri Mendeleev | Arranged elements by their atomic masses, also organized elements that were not yet discovered. He as well formed the Periodic Law.
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| Henry Mosley | Found that the frequencies of X-Rays scatted by the elements are related to the number of protons in the nucleas. This revealed the electron structure of the atom that was related to the atomic number.
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| Linus Pauling | He was the first chemist to quantify electronegativity, noted flourine held the strongest electrons, and cesium held the weakest.
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| Henry Cavendish | First to systematically collect and study Hydrogen. Also, he studied other gases and electricity.
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| Sir Humphrey Davy | First to isolate pure forms of Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, and Barium.
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| Daniel Rutherford | Recognized Nitrogen as an element, and later described the properties of Oxygen.
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| Hydrogen | It is lightest and most abundant element in the universe, is extremely flammable in air, and is used in the industrial production of ammonia.
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| Nitrogen | Existing as diatomic molecules, this gas is tasteless, colorless, and odorless, and it accounts for approximately 78% of the earth's atmosphere.
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| Oxygen | This element constitutes 21% of the earth's atmosphere and is the most abundant element in the earth's crust. It is essential for life in all animals and humans.
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| Sulfur | A nonmetallic element referred to as brimstone in the Bible and exists in a variety of forms, including a brittle, yellow, crystalline solid in its native form.
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| Transition metals | The large group of elements that have their highest energy electrons in interior d sub levels.
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| Post-transition metals | What all of the metals in the p block of the periodic table are called.
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| Electronegativity | Not typically found in a cell on the periodic table.
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| H & He | According to the big band theory, the very first elements would have probably been these.
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| Elements with three-letter symbols | Are all radioactive & have not been verified.
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| High electronegativities are associated with large ionization energies and high electron affinities. | True
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| Graphite and diamond are both composed of the same element, carbon. | True
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| The presence of calcium or magnesium ions in water make it "hard". | True
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| The largest ionization energies are for the removal of an electron from a full energy level. | True
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| Hydrogen normally exists as a monatomic gas. | False
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| None of the noble gases form compounds with other elements. | False
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| Halogens are easily obtainable in their elemental forms. | False
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| The most reactive as well as most electronegative element. | Flourine
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| The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature | Mercury
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| The name given to the horizontal rows in the periodic table | Period or Series
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| The name given to the B-group of elements | Transition Metals
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