Mental Health Problems in the Older Adult
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| Changes in cognitive ability, excessive forgetfulness, and mood swings | Are Not a part of normal aging
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| Changes in mental status | May be related to alterations in diet and fluid and electrolyte balance, fever or low oxygen levels associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases
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| Older Adults | Are less likely than younger people to acknowledge or seek treatment for mental health symptoms
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| Signs of depression | Feelings of sadness, fatigue, diminished memory and concentration, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances with excessive weight loss or gain, restlessness, impaired attention span and suicidal ideation
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| Mild depression with symptoms | Do not always meet the criteria for major depression; common and reduces quality of life and function
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| The risk of suicide | Increased in older adults, approximately 84% of suicides carried out by white men
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| Geriatric depression | May be confused with dementia
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| When depression and medical illnesses coexist | Neglect of the depression can impede physical recovery
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| A commonly used assessment tool | Geriatric Depression Scale
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| For mild depression | nonpharmacologic measures such as exercise, bright lighting, increasing interpersonal interactions, cognitive therapy and reminiscence therapy are effective
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| For major depression | Antidepressants and short-term psychotherapy, particularly in combination, are effective in older adults
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| Atypical antidepressants | bupropion, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, and nefazadone
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| SSRIs | paroxetine
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| Delirium | Begins with confusion and progresses to disorientation. It is common and life-threatening complication for the hospitalized older adult and the most frequent complication of hospitalization
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