Personality Disorders
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| Personality | Ingrained enduring pattern of behaving and relating to self, others, environment. Perceptions, attitudes, emotions. Usually not aware of own personality
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| Personality disorders | traits inflexible and maladaptive; significant interference with functioning or cause of emotional distress. Not dx until age 18. Maladaptive behavior often traced to early childhood or adolescence
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| Maladpative or Dysfunctional Personality Traits | Negative behavior toward others; anger/hostility; irritable/labile moods; lack of guilt, remorse or emotionally cold, and uncaring. Impulsive, poor judgment, irresponsible, not accountable for own actions, risk-taking, thrill-seeking behaviors
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| Many with personality disorders | Have coexisting mental illness
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| Schizotypal personality disorder | Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and behavioral eccentricities
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| Borderline personality disorder | Pervasive and enduring pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect; marked impulsivity; frequent self-mutilation behavior
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| Antisocial personality disorder | Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others and with the central characteristics of deceit and manipulation
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| Narcissistic personality disorder | Pervasive pattern of grandiosity (fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy
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| OCD personality | Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, and orderliness at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency
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| Avoidant personality | Pervasive pattern of social discomfort and reticence, low self-esteem, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
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| Paranoid personality disorder | Pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others
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| Schizoid personality disoder | Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings
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| Histrionic personality disorder | Excessive emotionality and attention seeking
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| Dependent personality disorder | Excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fear of separation
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| Passive-Aggressive behavior | Negative attitude and pervasive pattern of passive resistance to demands for adequate social and occupational performance
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| Depressive behavior | Pervasive pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors in various contexts
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| Borderline personality disorder demonstrates | decreased impulsive behavior, increased behavior and more stable relationships by age 50
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| Temperament | Biologic processes of sensation, association and motivation that underlie integration of skills and habits based on emotion
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| People with high-harm avoidance | Exhibit fear of uncertainty, social inhibition, shyness with strangers, rapid fatigability, and pessimistic worry in anticipation of problems
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| Low-harm avoidance | Carefree, energetic, outgoing and optimistic
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| High-harm avoidance behaviors | May result in maladaptive inhibition and excessive anxiety
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| Low-harm avoidance behaviors | May result in unwarranted optimism and unresponsiveness to potential harm or danger
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| High-novelty seeking temperament | Results in someone who is quick tempered, curious, easily bored, impulsive, extravagant, and disorderly. May be easily bored and distracted with daily life, prone to angry outbursts and fickle in relationships
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| Low-novelty seeking | Slow tempered, stoic, reflective, frugal, reserved, orderly, and tolerant of monotony; may adhere to a routine of activities
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| Psychodynamic Theories: Three major character traits | Self-directedness; Cooperativeness; Self-transcendence
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| Self-directedness | responsible, goal oriented
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| Cooperativeness | integral part of society
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| Self-transcendence | integral part of the universe
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| Antisocial personality disorder | diagnosed more often in men
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| Borderline personality disorder | diagnosed more often in women
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| Combination of medication and group and individual therapies | More likely to be effective than any single treatment
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| Cognitive-perceptual distortions | Affective symptoms and mood dysregulation; aggression and behavioral dysfunction; anxiety
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| Assertiveness training groups | CBT, cognitive restructuring, thought stopping, positive self-talk and decatastrophizing
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| Dialectical behavior therapy | Designed for clients with borderline personality disorder
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| Personality disorders | Antisocial, borderline, schizotypal, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant
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| Forming a Therapeutic relationship and promoting responsible behavior | Provide structure in therapeutic relationship, identify acceptable and expected behaviors, be consistent in those expectations. Must minimize clients attempts of manipulation and control
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| Limit setting (Involves three steps) | Stating the behavior limit (describing unacceptable behavior); Identifying the consequences if limit is exceeded; Identifying the expected or desired behavior
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