knee
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| 2 degrees of freedom, classified as hinge, but isa double condyloid joint because small amount of IR/ER (~10 degrees) occurs during flexion. | tibiofemoral joint (knee joint proper )
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| 1 degree of freedom, planar joint ( patella on femoral condyles) | patellofemoral joint
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| femoral condyles articulate with? | tibial plateau
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| tibia bears_________ | weight
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| fibula is the attachment for _______ and ________. | muscles and ligament
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| anteromedial bundle is tight in flexion and the posterolateral bundle is tight in extension | ACL
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| limits anterior translation of tibia on femur, hyperextension, and rotation. | posterolateral bundle
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| limits anterior translation of tibia on femur when knee is flexed. (anterior drawer test) | anteromedial bundle
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| sesamoid bone, embedded in quadriceps and patellar tendon, serves as a pulley- improve angle of pull- results in advantage of knee extension. | patella
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| name the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group. | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
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| O- rectus femoris (AIIS), others femur, I- patella , tibia tubercle | quadriceps
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| located lateral to the quadriceps . name his muscle. | iliotibial band (ITB)
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| name the 3 muscles of the hamstring group. | biceps femoris, semitendinosus , semimembranosus
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| biceps femoris inserts on? | fibular head
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| semimembranosus inserts on ? | medial tibial condyle
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| O- ischial tuberosity , femur ( biceps femoris- short head), I- tibia , fibula ( biceps femoris- long head) | hamstring group
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| hamstring group, popliteal fossa, gastrocnemius ( medial/lateral heads) are all | adductors
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| "goose foot" attaches to gracilis , sartorius, semitendinosus , pes anserinus bursa ( lies under attachments) ,medial location. | pes anserinus bursa
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| locking mechanism as the knee nears terminal extension | screw-home mechanism
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| automatic rotation of the tibia externally (~10 degrees) during the last 20 degrees of knee extension | screw-home mechanism
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| femoral condyles are different sizes, so medial condyle has larger surface area. | screw- home mechanism
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| knee extends, tibia glides anteriorly on femur | screw-home mechanism
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| when lateral condyle stops moving posteriorly, medial condyle, continues to glide resulting in ER of the tibia utilizing the lateral meniscus as the pivot point. | screw-home mechanism
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| ACL and PCL are rotary guides and forms a closed- packed postion for the knee joint | screw-home mechanism
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| ______ to anteromedial leg and medial foot | saphenous nerve
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| _______ cutaneous nerve to lateral thigh | lateral femoral
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| the largest branch of lumbar plexus; descends through the fibers of the psoas , then between psoas and iliacus, and under the inguinal ligament into the thigh. | femoral nerve
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| divided into posterior and anterior divisions is the ______ nerve | femoral
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| the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve | saphenous nerve
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| comes directly off of lumbar plexus | lateral femoral cutaneous nerve to lateral thigh
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| ______ innervates semitendinosus , semimembranosus , biceps femoris (long head) | tibia divison
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| ______ innervates biceps femoris ( short head) | common fibular divison
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| contains fibers from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus and innervates ER group ( except piriformis and quadratus femoris) | sciatic nerve
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| patella sits high | patella alta
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| ______ is associated with idiopathic retropatellar pain, recurrent patellar dislocation, patellar cuondromalacia, joint effusion. | petalla alta
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| patella sit low | petalla baja
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| _______ is associated with, restricted ROM, crepitation, retropatellar pain, quadriceps dysfunction | patella baja
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| patellae face inward | squinting patellae
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| patellae face outward | frog-eyed patellae
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| hyperextension of the knee (Michelle G) | genu recurvatum
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| formed by the Lon axes of the femur and the tibia: represents natural valgus of the knee (males- 13 and female - 18) | Q-angle
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| inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or body part in reference to midline (bow-legged) | genuvarum
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| outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or body part in reference to midline (knot kneed) | genuvalgum
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| knee appears hollow on either side, slight indentation above patella, small amount of fluid makes area disappear- larger effusions=proximal to patella | anterior knee extended
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| asses ______ for tenderness, edema, and warmth | anterior knee
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| palpate the insertion of the ________ on the tibial tubercle in adolescents (location of pain in Osgood-Schiatter Syndrome) | patellar tendon
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| assess for tenderness along entire course of ligament from orgin on medial femoral condyle to insertion on proximal tibia | medial knee flexed
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| ______ is 3 finger width inferior to medial joint line; contains insertion site for the sartorius , gracilis ,and semitendinosus muscles. | pes anserine bursa
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| you can see the patella, head of fibula, and tibial tuberosity when the_______ | anterior knee is flexed
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| you can see the tibial tubercle, joint line medial tibial condyle, patella, medial femoral condyle when the________ | medial knee is flexed
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| you can see the quadriceps , head of the fibula, patella, Gerdy's tubercle and tibial tubercule when the_______ | lateral knee is flexed
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| ______ and _____ are more easily palpated with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion | LCL and lateral joint line
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| ______ originates on the lateral femoral epicondyle and inserts on fibular head. | LCL
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| leg to the back | knee extension
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| knee flexed to the back | knee flexion
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| knee flexed to back and foot outwards | ER
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| knee flexed to back and foot inwards | IR
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| 1) greater trochanter 2) lateral epicondyle( femur) 3) lateral malleolus (fibula) is for? | knee ROM
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| axis- lateral epicondyle (femur), stationary arm- lateral midline of femur (greater trochanter reference), moving arm- lateral midline of fibula | flexion and extension
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| when measuring knee ________ place towel under ankle to allow for hyperextension. | extension
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| 135 to 140 can be up to 150 degrees. this is a normal range for? | flexion and extension
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| in knee extension, make sure hip doesn't hike up causing the _______ to come up off the table. | rectus femoris
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| when measuring the knee, keep thigh stable and pelvis in neutral for ? | hamstrings
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| in knee flexion, the end of ROM can be attained with ? | PROM
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| knee extension is _____. many individuals have some hyperextension | 0
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| greatest range of voluntary knee rotation occurs at _____ of flexion | 90 degrees
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| 0-30 is what kind of rotation? | IR
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| 0-45 is what kind of rotation? | ER
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| the ________ are so strong that manual muscle testing for knee flexion is not as accurate in a Grade 5. | quadriceps
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| knee ______ involves biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus. all are innervated by the tibial nerve except? | flexion/ biceps femoris (short head) - common fibular nerve
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| prone with knee flexed (leg in IR) | isolation of medial hamstrings (ST and SM)
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| prone with knee flexed (leg in ER) | isolation of lateral hamstrings (biceps femoris)
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| if biceps femoris is stronger than the medial hamstring, leg will? | ER during knee flexion
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| if ST and SM are stronger than the biceps femoris, the leg will? | IR during knee flexion
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| if hip flexes at end of knee flexion ROM, check for ? | tight rectus femoris
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| knee flexion substitution: butt will rise as hip flexors | hip flexion
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| knee flexion substitution: hip flexes and ER | sartorius
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| knee flexion substitution: hip adducts | gracilis
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| knee flexion substitution: can assist knee flexion if foot is allowed to strongly DF (tenodesis effect) | gastrocnemius
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| knee _________ uses rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis longus! vastus medialis oblique . | extension
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| to prevent patients pelvis from rising during testing, patient may be secured to seating by a ? | belt or strap
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| to __________ , quads can be testing with chair stand test- strength needed to rise from chair without arms is? | assess functional strength/ 1/2 body weight
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| 1 - rep max leg press (can be used to confirm age and sex-appropriate strength) | quantitative method of quad strength
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| when patient SL, he/she may use hip _____ to substitute for quadriceps | IR
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| a _____ in the ability to keep the knee locked when performing SLR is indicative of VMO weakness. also know as extensor lag. | lag
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| possible landmarks: mid-patellar, superior/ inferior patellar facet, femoral condyles. swelling, or atrophy could make a difference. what is this measurement? | girth
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| by moving the patellar from side to side, if there is pain or contract the quad, then this test match indicate subluxation or dislocation. what test is this? | patellar apprehension test
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| by squeezing the fluid together and tapping on patella can be an indication of swelling. name this test | Ballotable/ tap and sweep tests
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| examiner passively flexes patients hip and knee maximally, then applies a circular motion with tibia, rotating tibia clockwise and counterclockwise. a positive finding for pain, grinding or clicking indicates meniscus tear | medial-lateral grind test
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| examiner applies downward and inferior pressure on patella, the patient attempts to contract quads. a positive finding for pain or inability to complete test indicates cuondromalacia. | patellar grind test (Clarke's Sign)
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| medial knee pain or increase valgus movement with a diminished/absent endpoint as compared to uninvolved side- damage to MCL, PCL and posteromedial capsule,(full knee extension) and MCL ( knee in 20-30 degrees flexion) | Valgus Stress Test (MCL)
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| lateral knee pain or increased varus movement with a diminished/absent endpoint as compared to the uninvolved side - damage to LCL, PCL and arcuate complex (full knee extension) and LCL (knee in 20-30 degrees of flexion) | Varus Stress Test (LCL)
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| a positive finding for excessive anterior translation of the tibia compared to uninvolved side was th a diminished/ absent endpoint is indicative of a partial or complete ACL tear. | Lachman's Test
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| excessive anterior translation of the tibia as compared with uninvolved side with a diminished/ absent endpoint is indicative of a partial or complete ACL. (4 smaller hands) | anterior draw test (ACL)
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| increased posterior tibial displacement as compared to other knee is indicative of a partial or complete tear of PCL. | posterior drawer test (PCL)
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| a positive finding for click at medial joint line= medial meniscus tear or click at lateral joint= lateral meniscus tear(false positives) | Mcmurray Test
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| a positive finding for clicking, or restriction is indicative of medial or lateral meniscus tear depending on location of symptoms..(can test for ligamentous structures) | Apley's Compression Test
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