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test n measures
knee
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 degrees of freedom, classified as hinge, but isa double condyloid joint because small amount of IR/ER (~10 degrees) occurs during flexion. | tibiofemoral joint (knee joint proper ) |
| 1 degree of freedom, planar joint ( patella on femoral condyles) | patellofemoral joint |
| femoral condyles articulate with? | tibial plateau |
| tibia bears_________ | weight |
| fibula is the attachment for _______ and ________. | muscles and ligament |
| anteromedial bundle is tight in flexion and the posterolateral bundle is tight in extension | ACL |
| limits anterior translation of tibia on femur, hyperextension, and rotation. | posterolateral bundle |
| limits anterior translation of tibia on femur when knee is flexed. (anterior drawer test) | anteromedial bundle |
| sesamoid bone, embedded in quadriceps and patellar tendon, serves as a pulley- improve angle of pull- results in advantage of knee extension. | patella |
| name the 4 muscles of the quadriceps group. | rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis |
| O- rectus femoris (AIIS), others femur, I- patella , tibia tubercle | quadriceps |
| located lateral to the quadriceps . name his muscle. | iliotibial band (ITB) |
| name the 3 muscles of the hamstring group. | biceps femoris, semitendinosus , semimembranosus |
| biceps femoris inserts on? | fibular head |
| semimembranosus inserts on ? | medial tibial condyle |
| O- ischial tuberosity , femur ( biceps femoris- short head), I- tibia , fibula ( biceps femoris- long head) | hamstring group |
| hamstring group, popliteal fossa, gastrocnemius ( medial/lateral heads) are all | adductors |
| "goose foot" attaches to gracilis , sartorius, semitendinosus , pes anserinus bursa ( lies under attachments) ,medial location. | pes anserinus bursa |
| locking mechanism as the knee nears terminal extension | screw-home mechanism |
| automatic rotation of the tibia externally (~10 degrees) during the last 20 degrees of knee extension | screw-home mechanism |
| femoral condyles are different sizes, so medial condyle has larger surface area. | screw- home mechanism |
| knee extends, tibia glides anteriorly on femur | screw-home mechanism |
| when lateral condyle stops moving posteriorly, medial condyle, continues to glide resulting in ER of the tibia utilizing the lateral meniscus as the pivot point. | screw-home mechanism |
| ACL and PCL are rotary guides and forms a closed- packed postion for the knee joint | screw-home mechanism |
| ______ to anteromedial leg and medial foot | saphenous nerve |
| _______ cutaneous nerve to lateral thigh | lateral femoral |
| the largest branch of lumbar plexus; descends through the fibers of the psoas , then between psoas and iliacus, and under the inguinal ligament into the thigh. | femoral nerve |
| divided into posterior and anterior divisions is the ______ nerve | femoral |
| the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve | saphenous nerve |
| comes directly off of lumbar plexus | lateral femoral cutaneous nerve to lateral thigh |
| ______ innervates semitendinosus , semimembranosus , biceps femoris (long head) | tibia divison |
| ______ innervates biceps femoris ( short head) | common fibular divison |
| contains fibers from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus and innervates ER group ( except piriformis and quadratus femoris) | sciatic nerve |
| patella sits high | patella alta |
| ______ is associated with idiopathic retropatellar pain, recurrent patellar dislocation, patellar cuondromalacia, joint effusion. | petalla alta |
| patella sit low | petalla baja |
| _______ is associated with, restricted ROM, crepitation, retropatellar pain, quadriceps dysfunction | patella baja |
| patellae face inward | squinting patellae |
| patellae face outward | frog-eyed patellae |
| hyperextension of the knee (Michelle G) | genu recurvatum |
| formed by the Lon axes of the femur and the tibia: represents natural valgus of the knee (males- 13 and female - 18) | Q-angle |
| inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or body part in reference to midline (bow-legged) | genuvarum |
| outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or body part in reference to midline (knot kneed) | genuvalgum |
| knee appears hollow on either side, slight indentation above patella, small amount of fluid makes area disappear- larger effusions=proximal to patella | anterior knee extended |
| asses ______ for tenderness, edema, and warmth | anterior knee |
| palpate the insertion of the ________ on the tibial tubercle in adolescents (location of pain in Osgood-Schiatter Syndrome) | patellar tendon |
| assess for tenderness along entire course of ligament from orgin on medial femoral condyle to insertion on proximal tibia | medial knee flexed |
| ______ is 3 finger width inferior to medial joint line; contains insertion site for the sartorius , gracilis ,and semitendinosus muscles. | pes anserine bursa |
| you can see the patella, head of fibula, and tibial tuberosity when the_______ | anterior knee is flexed |
| you can see the tibial tubercle, joint line medial tibial condyle, patella, medial femoral condyle when the________ | medial knee is flexed |
| you can see the quadriceps , head of the fibula, patella, Gerdy's tubercle and tibial tubercule when the_______ | lateral knee is flexed |
| ______ and _____ are more easily palpated with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion | LCL and lateral joint line |
| ______ originates on the lateral femoral epicondyle and inserts on fibular head. | LCL |
| leg to the back | knee extension |
| knee flexed to the back | knee flexion |
| knee flexed to back and foot outwards | ER |
| knee flexed to back and foot inwards | IR |
| 1) greater trochanter 2) lateral epicondyle( femur) 3) lateral malleolus (fibula) is for? | knee ROM |
| axis- lateral epicondyle (femur), stationary arm- lateral midline of femur (greater trochanter reference), moving arm- lateral midline of fibula | flexion and extension |
| when measuring knee ________ place towel under ankle to allow for hyperextension. | extension |
| 135 to 140 can be up to 150 degrees. this is a normal range for? | flexion and extension |
| in knee extension, make sure hip doesn't hike up causing the _______ to come up off the table. | rectus femoris |
| when measuring the knee, keep thigh stable and pelvis in neutral for ? | hamstrings |
| in knee flexion, the end of ROM can be attained with ? | PROM |
| knee extension is _____. many individuals have some hyperextension | 0 |
| greatest range of voluntary knee rotation occurs at _____ of flexion | 90 degrees |
| 0-30 is what kind of rotation? | IR |
| 0-45 is what kind of rotation? | ER |
| the ________ are so strong that manual muscle testing for knee flexion is not as accurate in a Grade 5. | quadriceps |
| knee ______ involves biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus. all are innervated by the tibial nerve except? | flexion/ biceps femoris (short head) - common fibular nerve |
| prone with knee flexed (leg in IR) | isolation of medial hamstrings (ST and SM) |
| prone with knee flexed (leg in ER) | isolation of lateral hamstrings (biceps femoris) |
| if biceps femoris is stronger than the medial hamstring, leg will? | ER during knee flexion |
| if ST and SM are stronger than the biceps femoris, the leg will? | IR during knee flexion |
| if hip flexes at end of knee flexion ROM, check for ? | tight rectus femoris |
| knee flexion substitution: butt will rise as hip flexors | hip flexion |
| knee flexion substitution: hip flexes and ER | sartorius |
| knee flexion substitution: hip adducts | gracilis |
| knee flexion substitution: can assist knee flexion if foot is allowed to strongly DF (tenodesis effect) | gastrocnemius |
| knee _________ uses rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis longus! vastus medialis oblique . | extension |
| to prevent patients pelvis from rising during testing, patient may be secured to seating by a ? | belt or strap |
| to __________ , quads can be testing with chair stand test- strength needed to rise from chair without arms is? | assess functional strength/ 1/2 body weight |
| 1 - rep max leg press (can be used to confirm age and sex-appropriate strength) | quantitative method of quad strength |
| when patient SL, he/she may use hip _____ to substitute for quadriceps | IR |
| a _____ in the ability to keep the knee locked when performing SLR is indicative of VMO weakness. also know as extensor lag. | lag |
| possible landmarks: mid-patellar, superior/ inferior patellar facet, femoral condyles. swelling, or atrophy could make a difference. what is this measurement? | girth |
| by moving the patellar from side to side, if there is pain or contract the quad, then this test match indicate subluxation or dislocation. what test is this? | patellar apprehension test |
| by squeezing the fluid together and tapping on patella can be an indication of swelling. name this test | Ballotable/ tap and sweep tests |
| examiner passively flexes patients hip and knee maximally, then applies a circular motion with tibia, rotating tibia clockwise and counterclockwise. a positive finding for pain, grinding or clicking indicates meniscus tear | medial-lateral grind test |
| examiner applies downward and inferior pressure on patella, the patient attempts to contract quads. a positive finding for pain or inability to complete test indicates cuondromalacia. | patellar grind test (Clarke's Sign) |
| medial knee pain or increase valgus movement with a diminished/absent endpoint as compared to uninvolved side- damage to MCL, PCL and posteromedial capsule,(full knee extension) and MCL ( knee in 20-30 degrees flexion) | Valgus Stress Test (MCL) |
| lateral knee pain or increased varus movement with a diminished/absent endpoint as compared to the uninvolved side - damage to LCL, PCL and arcuate complex (full knee extension) and LCL (knee in 20-30 degrees of flexion) | Varus Stress Test (LCL) |
| a positive finding for excessive anterior translation of the tibia compared to uninvolved side was th a diminished/ absent endpoint is indicative of a partial or complete ACL tear. | Lachman's Test |
| excessive anterior translation of the tibia as compared with uninvolved side with a diminished/ absent endpoint is indicative of a partial or complete ACL. (4 smaller hands) | anterior draw test (ACL) |
| increased posterior tibial displacement as compared to other knee is indicative of a partial or complete tear of PCL. | posterior drawer test (PCL) |
| a positive finding for click at medial joint line= medial meniscus tear or click at lateral joint= lateral meniscus tear(false positives) | Mcmurray Test |
| a positive finding for clicking, or restriction is indicative of medial or lateral meniscus tear depending on location of symptoms..(can test for ligamentous structures) | Apley's Compression Test |
Created by:
Shannon10
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