OPT Soft Tiss Tumors
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| fibroma | most common tumor-like lesion of the oral cavity; really a reactive hyperplasia of CT, not a true neoplasm
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| giant cell fibroma | fibrous CT nodule with large stellate fibroblasts; occurs in first 3 decades of life
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| retrocuspid papilla | small, raised lesion on attached gingiva lingual to the lower canines; usually disappear with age
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| epulis fissuratum | tumor-like proliferation of fibrous CT that develops in association with ill-fitting denture
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| fibroepithelial polyp (leaflike denture fibroma) | flattened pink mass on hard palate attached by narrow stalk
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| inflammatory papillary hyperplasia | reactive tissue growth on hard palate beneath maxillary denture
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| fibromatoses | group of true fibrous neoplasm with biologic behavior between benign and malignant
-can reach considerable size so pt should be evaluated for Gardner's
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| juvenile aggressive fibromatosis | fibromatoses on head and neck tissues
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| desmoplastic fibromas | fibromatoses in head and neck within the bone; true neoplasm of myofibroblasts
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| myofibroma | less infiltrative tumor of myofibroblasts
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| fibrous histiocytoma/dermatofibroma, solitary fibrous tumor, and oral focal mucinosis | less aggressive fibrous tumors, sessile painless growths that do not tend to recur
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| pyogenic granuloma | common reactive tumor-like proliferation of granulation tissue in response to irritation; red/purple painless and pedunculate mass with ulcerative surface, often on gingiva and can evolve into inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
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| pregnancy tumors / granuloma gravidarum | gingival pyogenic granulomas that occur during pregnancy
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| epulis granulomatosa | hyperplastic granulation tissue growing out of a healing tooth socket
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| peripheral giant cell granuloma | tumor-like proliferation of osteoclastic giant cells in response to irritation; reddish-blue to purple sessile or pedunculate mass on gingiva or edentulous ridge
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| peripheral ossifying fibroma | reactive lesion from PDL of fibrous CT, osteoblasts and mineralized tissue; red or pink nodules on gingiva or alveolar ridge
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| lipoma | benign tumor of adipose tissue commonly in subcutaneous buccal mucosa; yellow color if superficial
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| fibrolipoma | lipoma with significant amount of fibrous CT
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| angiolipoma | lipoma with numerous small blood vessels
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| spindle cell lipomas | lipoma with myxoid storm and increased cellularity
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| traumatic neuroma | not true neoplasm, reactive proliferation of nerve tissue after it has been severed/damaged
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| schwannoma | benign encapsulated neural tumor from Schwann cells that contains Verocay bodies, 45% in the head and neck
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| neurofibromatosis 2 | disease with bilateral schwannomas of auditory-vestibular nerve (acoustic neuroma) and cafe-au-lait pigmentations
-{gene on chromosome 22}
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| schwannomatosis | hereditary disease of multifocal schwannomas
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| Verocay bodies | seen in Antoni A tissue; Schwann cells arranged in palisading fashion around central acellular zones
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| neurofibroma | most common peripheral nerve tumor that arises from Schwann cells, fibroblasts and neurites
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| neurofibromatosis 1 | autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations of {NF1 gene on chromosome 17} that affects the tumor suppressor protein {neurofibromin}; variable expressivity of neurofibromas and enlargement of fungiform papilla seen in mouth
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| elephantiasis neuromatosa | large pendulous masses of neurofibromas on the skin
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| cafe-au-lait spots | smooth-edged tan/brown pigmentations on skin; associated with {neurofibromatosis 1}
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| Lisch nodules | brown spots on the iris of the eye, associated with {neurofibromatosis 1)
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| Crowe sign | freckling of the axilla, seen with {neurofibromatosis 1}
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| multiple endocrine neoplasia | rare group of neuroendocrine tumors
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| MEN type 2B | arises from mutation of {RET oncogene} on chromosome 10, oral neuromas are an early sign; marfanoid habitus, pheochromocytomas and medullary carcinoma
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| melanocytes neuroectodermal tumor of infancy | rare pigmented tumor from neural crest cells; pathoses arise in anterior maxilla as black/blue mass
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| granular cell tumor | benign soft tissue tumor of unknown origin, pink to yellow mass on dorsum of tongue
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| congenital epulis | rare soft tissue tumor on alveolar ridge of newborns likely from fibroblasts; 90% in females and the maxilla
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| hemangiomas | proliferation of endothelial cells and vascular lumina; most common tumor of infancy, resolves spontaneously
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| capillary hemangioma | hemangioma of small capillaries
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| cavernous hemangioma | hemangioma of dilated vascular spaces
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| vascular malformations | overgrowths of blood vessels without endothelial proliferations; persist through life
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| venous malformations | low-flow vascular malformations
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| arteriovenous malformations | high-flow vascular malformations
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| port wine stain (nevus flammeus) | superficial capillary angiomas of the face, follow trigeminal nerve; associated with {Sturge-Weber angiomatosis}
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| Sturge-Weber angiomatosis | non-hereditary developmental condition of multiple angiomas of the brain and face
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| gyriform/tramline calcification | leptomeningeal angiomas that calcify and show up on skull films as loops
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| nasopharyngeal angiofibroma | tumor of vascular and fibrous CT, almost exclusively in males; destructive growth in nasopharynx
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| lymphangioma | benign, hamartomatous growth of lymphatic vessels; probably a developmental abnormality
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| cystic hygroma | lymphangioma with large cystic spaces
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| leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscles; often in uterus and GIT
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| vascular leiomyoma (angiomyoma, angioleiomyoma) | leiomyomas with thick-walled blood vessels and bluish hue
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| fibrosarcoma | malignant tumor of fibrous CT, usually low-grade
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| liposarcoma | malignant tumor of adipose tissue
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| neurofibrosarcoma | malignancy of peripheral nerves, very aggressive with early metasasis
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| angiosarcoma | malignant vascular tumor from endothelial cells lining blood vessels
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| leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle, aggressive with early metastasis
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| Kaposi sarcoma | arises from vascular endothelium and in multiple sites as once; triggered by HHV-8
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| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of skeletal muscle, most common in children
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