AP bio test
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Where does light dependent occur? What are the reactants and products? | Occurs in the thylakoids. Reactants are light energy and water. Products are oxygen, ATP and NADPH
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| Where does light independent occur or Calvin cycle? What are the reactants and products? | Occurs in the stroma. Reactants are ATP, NADPH, CO2, and RuBP
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| Location of the glycolysis process. State the reactants and products. Anaerobic or aerobic? | Cytoplasm. Reactants are 2 ATP and glucose. Products are 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate. Anaerobic
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| Location of Krebs Cycle. Reactants and products. Anaerobic or aerobic? | Mitochondria. Reactants are 2 pyruvate and oxygen. Products are 2 ATP, CO2, NADPH, and FADH. Aerobic
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| Location of ETC, reactants and products. Anaerobic or aerobic? | Inner membrane of the mitochondria. Reactants are NADH and FADH. Products are 32 ATP and water. Aerobic
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| What is the metabolic pathway and what does it involve? | It is a series of chemical reactions where the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction, and involves coenzymes.
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| What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways? Which one if for photosynthesis and cellular respiration? | Catabolic releases energy by breaking down larger molecules. Anabolic uses the energy that is released to build larger molecules. Anabolic is for photosynthesis and catabolic is for cellular respiration.
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| How does ATP store energy and how does it release energy? | ATP energy is stored in the phosphate bonds. Energy is released when the 2nd and 3rd phosphate bond is broken.
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| What is hydrolysis? When applied to a molecule of ATP, what does it result in? | Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water. It results in ADP.
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| What is oxidation? | A material loses electrons by a transfer to another material.
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| Could Krebs Cycle occur without oxygen? why? | No, because Krebs Cycle is aerobic, meaning it requires energy.
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| How many useable ATP molecules are produced during cellular respiration? How many are required to start glycolysis? | There are 36 ATP molecules that are produced during cellular respiration. 2 ATP molecules are required to start glycolysis.
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| What two process are used to make ATP in a human when there is no oxygen? | Lactic Acid Fermentation and Glycolysis
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| What are the two products of lactic acid fermentation? | 2 lactic acid and 2 ATP
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| What are the products of alcohol fermentation? | CO2, ethanol, and 2 ATP
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| How many ATP are produced with and without oxygen? List steps that each route requires. | With oxygen 36 ATP: starts with glycolysis, 2 ATP, then Krebs Cycle
Without oxygen 4 ATP: starts with glycolysis, 2 ATP are produced
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| Describe the structure if a chloroplast. | Chloroplasts are large organelles that capture light energy. It contains two important components: thylakoids, flattened saclike membranes and stroma, fluid filled space outside the thylakoids
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| What are pigments? What s chlorophyll? | Pigments are light absorbing colored molecules. Chlorophyll is the major pigment in plants, absorbs all colors except green
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| What is a stomata and what are they used for? | Stomata are tiny openings used for gas exchange
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| Photons | Sunlight particles
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| Photoexcitation | Energy from photon causes electrons to shoot down thylakoids membrane
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| Photolysis | Energy from electrons
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| Phosphorylation | Electrons that provide energy to bind ADP and P creating ATP
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