Fluid and Electrolytes/Digestion and Hydration
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Insensible Water Loss | Body water lost through skin and lungs.
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ANF | Atrial Natruretic Factor. Decreases blood volume. Increases sodium and water excretion
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HTN, tachycardia, JVD, gallop, edema, crackles | clinical signs of HYPERVOLEMIA
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Kayexelate | ion exchange resin used for hyperkalemia
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Electrolyte imbalance associated with diarrhea and laxatives | hypokalemia
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normal distribution of body fluids | First spacing
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bulging fontanels | Hypervolemia sign in infants
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Most accurate assessment for fluid balance | intake and output
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loop diuretics | used to treat excess fluid, sodium, calcium, and potassium.
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primary organ of fluid and electrolyte balance regulation | kidneys
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Nursing Diagnosis useful in electrolyte imbalance | Risk for Injury
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Third Spacing | movement of fluids into cavities
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maintains oncotic pressure (colloid) | albumin, a plasma protein
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major effect of Aldosterone | retention of Na+ and excretion of K+
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Chvostek's sign | Contraction of the muscles of the eye, mouth or nose upon percussion. Sign of tetany of hypocalcemia.
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hydrostatic pressure | force of fluid against compartment walls.
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IV solution to treat edema | hypertonic
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"Pushes" fluids away | hydrostatic pressure
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prolonged ST segment and QT interval | EKG signs of hypocalcemia
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hypotonic IVs treat what condition? | dehydration
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two signs of impending tetany | Chvostek's and Trousseau's
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another name for second spacing | edema
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three regulators of calcium levels | parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcitonin
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Risk for Injury associated with hypocalcemia | seizures, tetany, laryngeal spasm
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electrolyte imbalance that potentiates digoxin | hypokalemia
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Poor skin turgor, wt loss, sunken fontanels, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea | fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)
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weight of one liter of water | 2.2 lbs, 1 kg
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primary cation of ECF | sodium, Na+
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Three passive transports | diffusion, osmosis, filtration
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major electrolyte imbalance in major trauma | hyperkalemia
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major anion of ICF | PO4 3-
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number of cc's in 1 lb of body water | 275cc
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Protein starvation--effect on fluids/electrolytes | decreased oncotic pressure-->edema
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Intervention to prevent renal calculi in hypercalcemia | force fluids
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electrolyte imbalance associated with multiple blood transfusions | hypocalcemia
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damage to parathyroids can lead to which imbalance? | hypocalcemia
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primary cation of ECF | Chloride, Cl-
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Two types of ECF | interstitial fluid, plasma
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ELECTROLYTE imbalance associated with hypotonic IVs | hyponatremia
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"pulls" water back | osmotic/oncotic pressure
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