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Fluid and Electrolytes/Digestion and Hydration

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Question
Answer
Insensible Water Loss   Body water lost through skin and lungs.  
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ANF   Atrial Natruretic Factor. Decreases blood volume. Increases sodium and water excretion  
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HTN, tachycardia, JVD, gallop, edema, crackles   clinical signs of HYPERVOLEMIA  
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Kayexelate   ion exchange resin used for hyperkalemia  
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Electrolyte imbalance associated with diarrhea and laxatives   hypokalemia  
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normal distribution of body fluids   First spacing  
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bulging fontanels   Hypervolemia sign in infants  
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Most accurate assessment for fluid balance   intake and output  
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loop diuretics   used to treat excess fluid, sodium, calcium, and potassium.  
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primary organ of fluid and electrolyte balance regulation   kidneys  
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Nursing Diagnosis useful in electrolyte imbalance   Risk for Injury  
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Third Spacing   movement of fluids into cavities  
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maintains oncotic pressure (colloid)   albumin, a plasma protein  
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major effect of Aldosterone   retention of Na+ and excretion of K+  
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Chvostek's sign   Contraction of the muscles of the eye, mouth or nose upon percussion. Sign of tetany of hypocalcemia.  
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hydrostatic pressure   force of fluid against compartment walls.  
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IV solution to treat edema   hypertonic  
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"Pushes" fluids away   hydrostatic pressure  
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prolonged ST segment and QT interval   EKG signs of hypocalcemia  
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hypotonic IVs treat what condition?   dehydration  
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two signs of impending tetany   Chvostek's and Trousseau's  
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another name for second spacing   edema  
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three regulators of calcium levels   parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, calcitonin  
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Risk for Injury associated with hypocalcemia   seizures, tetany, laryngeal spasm  
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electrolyte imbalance that potentiates digoxin   hypokalemia  
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Poor skin turgor, wt loss, sunken fontanels, lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea   fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)  
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weight of one liter of water   2.2 lbs, 1 kg  
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primary cation of ECF   sodium, Na+  
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Three passive transports   diffusion, osmosis, filtration  
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major electrolyte imbalance in major trauma   hyperkalemia  
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major anion of ICF   PO4 3-  
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number of cc's in 1 lb of body water   275cc  
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Protein starvation--effect on fluids/electrolytes   decreased oncotic pressure-->edema  
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Intervention to prevent renal calculi in hypercalcemia   force fluids  
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electrolyte imbalance associated with multiple blood transfusions   hypocalcemia  
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damage to parathyroids can lead to which imbalance?   hypocalcemia  
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primary cation of ECF   Chloride, Cl-  
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Two types of ECF   interstitial fluid, plasma  
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ELECTROLYTE imbalance associated with hypotonic IVs   hyponatremia  
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"pulls" water back   osmotic/oncotic pressure  
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