Nervous System / Vertebral Column
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| name 3 parts of a neuron | cell body, axon, dendrite
🗑
|
||||
| gray matter is ________ fibers | unmylientaed
🗑
|
||||
| white matter is _______ fibers | mylientaed
🗑
|
||||
| nerve fibers are ________ of nerve fibers | conductors
🗑
|
||||
| what are the gaps between neurons (neuromuscular junctions ) called? | synapse
🗑
|
||||
| what do you call a group of mylientaed fibers in the CNS? | tracts
🗑
|
||||
| what type of neuron transmits impulses away from the CNS? | motor (efferent )
🗑
|
||||
| what type of neuron transmits impulses toward the CNS? | sensory (afferent)
🗑
|
||||
| this neuron integrates signals from one or more sensory neuron and relays impulses to motor neurons. name this neuron? | interneuron
🗑
|
||||
| name the 4 major lobes of the cerebrum ? | frontal, occipital , parietal, temporal
🗑
|
||||
| frontal lobe specializes in 3 things. what are they? | personality, speech, motor movement
🗑
|
||||
| occipital lobe specializes in 3 things. what are they? | vision, recognition of size, shape and color
🗑
|
||||
| parietal lobe specializes in 2 things. what are they? | gross sensation (touch), fine sensation (determination of weight , size and shape)
🗑
|
||||
| where is the thalamus located? | beneath the cortex
🗑
|
||||
| where is the relay station for the body sensations; where pain is perceived? | thalamus
🗑
|
||||
| where does hormone function and behavior come from? | hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| name the 3 parts of the brain stem ? | midbrain , pons, medulla oblongata
🗑
|
||||
| what does the midbrain do? | visual reflexes
🗑
|
||||
| what 2 things does the medulla oblongata control? | respiration and heart rate
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum is also called the_______ ________ | little brain
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum controls 3 things. what are they? | muscle coordination, tone and posture
🗑
|
||||
| This cord runs from the medulla oblongata to the conus medullaris. name the cord? | spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| cauda equina are part of the spinal chord that runs from _____ to ______ and is also called _______ _______ | L2 to S5, and horse tail
🗑
|
||||
| lateral corticospinal tract is located in the ________ _________. this tract controls _________ | spinal chord, motor
🗑
|
||||
| the upper motor neuron synapses _________ the ________ horn | above , anterior
🗑
|
||||
| the lower motor neuron synapse ________ the ________ horn | below, anterior
🗑
|
||||
| upper and lower motor neuron injuries result in ________, clinical signs | different
🗑
|
||||
| paralysis = UMN______ and LMN_________ | spasticity (UMN), flaccid (LMN)
🗑
|
||||
| muscle atrophy= UMN_____ and LMN_______ | not significant (UMN), marked (LMN)
🗑
|
||||
| fasciculations and fibrillations = UMN_______ and LMN________ | not present (UMN) , present (LMN)
🗑
|
||||
| reflexes= UMN_______ and LMN________ | hyperreflexia (UMN), hyporeflexia (LMN)
🗑
|
||||
| Babinski reflex = UMN _______ and LMN_______ | present (UMN), not present (LMN)
🗑
|
||||
| Clonus= UMN_____ and LMN______ | present (UMN), not present (LMN)
🗑
|
||||
| the peripheral nervous system consists of 3 parts. what are they? | cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexus formation
🗑
|
||||
| the plexus formation consists of 3 parts. what are they? | cervical , brachial , lumbosacral
🗑
|
||||
| how many cranial nerves are there? | 12
🗑
|
||||
| cranial nerves can be ______, _________, or _______ | sensory, motor or both
🗑
|
||||
| On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How | Olfactory (1), Optic (2), Oculomotor (3), Trochlear (4), Trigeminal (5), Abducens (6), Facial (7), Vestibulocochlear (8), Glossopharyngeal (9), Vargus (10), Accessory (11), Hypoglossal (12)
🗑
|
||||
| Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More | Sensory (1), Sensory (2), Motor (3), Motor(4), Both (5), Motor (6) Both (7) Sensory (8) Both (9) , Both (10), Motor (11), Motor (12)
🗑
|
||||
| cervical nerves start from ____ to ______ | C1 to C8
🗑
|
||||
| thoracic nerves start from ______ to ______ | T1 to T12
🗑
|
||||
| lumbar nerves start from ______ to _______ | L1 to L5
🗑
|
||||
| the horses tail (cauda equina) is located at what nerve? | L1
🗑
|
||||
| how many spinal nerves are there? | 31
🗑
|
||||
| how many cervical nerves are there? | 8
🗑
|
||||
| how many thoracic nerves are there? | 12
🗑
|
||||
| how many lumber nerves are there? | 5
🗑
|
||||
| how many sacral nerves are there? | 5
🗑
|
||||
| how many coccygeal nerves are there? | 1
🗑
|
||||
| cervical nerves 1-7 exit _____ the vertebra , | above
🗑
|
||||
| C8 exists ______ the vertebra. | below
🗑
|
||||
| spinal nerve exist the intervertebral foramen it divides into a ______ and ______ ramus. | ventral and dorsal
🗑
|
||||
| an area of skin supplied with the sensory fibers of a spinal nerve is ? | dermatones
🗑
|
||||
| the anterior rami join together forming a network known as a ________ | plexus
🗑
|
||||
| C1- C4 serves the ______ plexus. | cervical
🗑
|
||||
| C3- C5 serves the _______ ________. | levator scapulae
🗑
|
||||
| phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm at | C3- C5
🗑
|
||||
| Brachial plexus serves ______ - _______ | C5- T1
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 5 branches of the cords of the peripheral nerves? | axillary, musculoskeletal , radial, median, ulnar
🗑
|
||||
| lumbar plexus serves _____ - ______ | L1- L4
🗑
|
||||
| lumbar plexus innervates the ______ | thigh
🗑
|
||||
| obturator nerve serves the anterior division of _______ - ________ | L2- L4
🗑
|
||||
| femoral nerve serves the posterior division of _______- _______ | L2- L4
🗑
|
||||
| sacral plexus serves ______- ________ | L5- S3
🗑
|
||||
| sacral plexus innervates the ______ and _______ | leg and foot
🗑
|
||||
| sciatic nerve serves ______- _______ | L4- S3
🗑
|
||||
| tibial nerve serves ______ - _______ | L4- S2
🗑
|
||||
| common peroneal nerve serves ____ -______ | L4- S3
🗑
|
||||
| muscle fibers are innervates by a ________ | motor unit
🗑
|
||||
| a organ that receives information from muscles and responsible for reflexes. what organ is this? | muscle spindle
🗑
|
||||
| muscle spindles sense ______ and _______ of stretch | stretch and speed
🗑
|
||||
| a organ that receives information from the tendon. what organ is this? | Golgi tendon
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi tendon senses _______ | tention
🗑
|
||||
| name 2 congenital defects . | hydrocephalus and cerebral palsy
🗑
|
||||
| name 5 pathologies of the CNS, | congenital defects, spinal cord injuries, disorders of the muscle and neuromuscular junction
🗑
|
||||
| name a disorder of the muscle and neuromuscluar junction. | muscular dystrophy
🗑
|
||||
| name a demyelinating disease. | multiple sclerosis
🗑
|
||||
| name a pathology disease of the face nerve. | Bells palsy
🗑
|
||||
| thoracic outlet syndrome is a pathology that effects the ------ and ---------. | brachial plexus and subclavian artery
🗑
|
||||
| carpal tunnel is a pathology that effects the | median nerve
🗑
|
||||
| sciatica is | lower back pain that runs down one or both legs
🗑
|
||||
| foot drop is | the dropping of the forefoot due to weakness and pain of the common peroneal nerve
🗑
|
||||
| name 2 events that happen during ventilation. | inspiration and expiration
🗑
|
||||
| what is the normal breathing rate? | 12-20
🗑
|
||||
| what is Boyles Law ? | the relationship between gas pressure and volume
🗑
|
||||
| what is the formula for Boyles Law? | P= 1/V
🗑
|
||||
| how does Boyles Law help ventilation? | decrease volume, increase pressure or gas and increase volume , decrease gas pressure inside of container
🗑
|
||||
| what is pump handle and bucket handle movements of the rib cage? | elevation of the rib cage occurs with inspiration, increase medial -lateral diameter and increase anterior-posterior diameter. depression or rib cage with expiration, decrease medial-lateral diameter and decrease anterior-posterior diameter
🗑
|
||||
| quite expiration is | passive
🗑
|
||||
| forced expiration is | muscles pulled down the rib and compress the abdomen which raises the diaphragm; active
🗑
|
||||
| quiet inspiration is | inspiration while resting or sitting quietly
🗑
|
||||
| deep inspiration is | more O2 required , breathing is harder
🗑
|
||||
| inspiration is an ------ | active process
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 3 primary muscles of quiet inspiration? | diaphragm (75%), extenal intercostals (25%), scalenes
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 3 accessory muscles of the deep and forced inspiration? | sternocliedomastoid , serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
🗑
|
||||
| expiration is a | passive process
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 2 primary muscles of forced expiration? | internal intercostals, abdominal muscles
🗑
|
||||
| internal intercostals depress | ribs
🗑
|
||||
| abdominal muscles compresses the | abdomen and forces the diaphragm upward
🗑
|
||||
| diaphragmatic breathing is more------ and requires least-------- | efficient and energy
🗑
|
||||
| gravity pulls diaphragm down in------ and ----- | sitting or standing
🗑
|
||||
| diaphram has to work harder in supine / prone, but you can | raise the head of the bed
🗑
|
||||
| chest breathing is ------ efficient and requires----- energy | least and more
🗑
|
||||
| valsavia maneuver is used by | weight lifters
🗑
|
||||
| bradycardia reflex occurs with | valsalva maneuver
🗑
|
||||
| an increase pressure to ear drums and intrathoracic pressure is caused by? | valsalva maneuver
🗑
|
||||
| how many vertebral segments make up the spine? | cervical(7), thoracic (12), lumbar(5), sacral (4), coccygeal (1)
🗑
|
||||
| the vertebral column is composed of a natural ------- --------- | reciprocal curves
🗑
|
||||
| lordosis is located where on the vertebral column? | cervical and lumbar
🗑
|
||||
| kyphosis is located where on the vertebral column? | thoracic and sacro-coccygeal
🗑
|
||||
| nucleus pulposus lose------ in discs. | water
🗑
|
||||
| connects intervertebral disc to vertebra above and below and also provides nutrition. | vertebral end plate
🗑
|
||||
| what are the most mobile and smallest vertebrae? | cervical (C1-C7)
🗑
|
||||
| what are the typical cervical vertebrae? | C3-C7
🗑
|
||||
| most are bifid and transverse formina, name the vertebrae. | typical cervical vertebra
🗑
|
||||
| -------- wear and tear between cervical vertebrae. | osteophites
🗑
|
||||
| two large concave facets, sit on top of lateral masses to accept occipital condyles, forming atlanto-occipital joint, whic cervical vertebrae is it? | atlas (C1)
🗑
|
||||
| the largest transverse processes in he cervical region is the | atlas (C1)
🗑
|
||||
| the den is only on | axis (C2)
🗑
|
||||
| name the spinous process of C2 that is very broad and palpable. | Bifid
🗑
|
||||
| this vertebrae functions on a vertical axis between and cervical region? what vertebrae is ti? | axis(C20
🗑
|
||||
| these joints are aligned in the frontal plane. what are they? | apophyseal joints
🗑
|
||||
| what bone transmits the weight of the vertebral column to pelvis? | triangular bone
🗑
|
||||
| this canal houses and protects the cauda equina? | sacral canal
🗑
|
||||
| dorsal sacral formina transmit ----- rami of sacral nerves and ventral sacral formina transmit ------- rami of spinal nerves. | dorsal and ventral
🗑
|
||||
| this ligament attaches the anterior surface of a adjacent lamina. name the ligament? | ligamentum flavum
🗑
|
||||
| these 2 ligament attach between spinous processes from C7 to sacrum. name thee ligaments. | superspinous and interspinous ligaments
🗑
|
||||
| ligamentum flavum limits? | flexion
🗑
|
||||
| superspinous and interspinous limits? | flexion
🗑
|
||||
| cervical and cranial extension -------- nuchae | ligamentum nuchae
🗑
|
||||
| this ligament is located between the transverse processes. name the ligament. | intertransverse ligaments
🗑
|
||||
| superspinous and interspinous ligaments limit? | flexion
🗑
|
||||
| intertransverse limits? | lateral flexion
🗑
|
||||
| this ligament is located between basilar part of occipital bone and entire length vertebral bodys anterior surface. name the ligament? | anterior longitudinal ligament
🗑
|
||||
| anterior longitudinal ligament limits? | extention
🗑
|
||||
| posterior longitudinal ligament limits? | flexion
🗑
|
||||
| this ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies from C2 to sacrum. name this ligament? | posterior longitudinal ligament
🗑
|
||||
| the vertebral column is divided up into 2 motions. what are they? | craniocervical and thoracolumbar motion
🗑
|
||||
| name the region composed of antlanto-occipital joint, antlanto-axial joint, and intracervical region. what region is this? | craniocervical region
🗑
|
||||
| occipital cndyles roll ------ in extension and --------- during flexion. | backward and forward
🗑
|
||||
| an arc of motion determined by the cervical facet joints oblique plane is? | flexion and extension
🗑
|
||||
| axial flexion and extension = | cervical protraction/ retraction
🗑
|
||||
| inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide posteriorly and inferiorly relative to vertebrae below. what is this motion? | extention
🗑
|
||||
| the facet surfaces of C1- C2 are the closet to ? | horizontal
🗑
|
||||
| what is the most common motion for facet surfaces of C1- C2 ? | rotation
🗑
|
||||
| the facet surface of C2-C7 are at a ---- angle? | 45 angle
🗑
|
||||
| what is the most common motion for facet surfaces of C2- C7 to? | rotation and lateral flexion
🗑
|
||||
| the L curve mostly is from? | thoracic
🗑
|
||||
| the thoracic facet surfaces are closest to the ? | frontal plane
🗑
|
||||
| the lumbar facet surfaces are closest to the | sagittal plane
🗑
|
||||
| what motion is most common for lumbar facets surfaces? | flexion and extension
🗑
|
||||
| weight of the entire trunk and upper body is transferred to the pelvis at this area. name this area. | lumbosacral junction
🗑
|
||||
| the articulation between L5 and S1 is | lumbosacral junction
🗑
|
||||
| facet joints of L5-S1 are oriented close to the frontal plane preventing the lower spine fom | downhill
🗑
|
||||
| excessive anterior translation of the lumbar spine relative to sacrum is called | anterior spondylolisthesis
🗑
|
||||
| anterior spondylolisthesis can happen at -------- | any level
🗑
|
||||
| formed by articulations of sacrum and innomiate bone? | sacroiliac joints
🗑
|
||||
| how many SIJ does a person have? | 2
🗑
|
||||
| what type of joint is the SIJ? | plane
🗑
|
||||
| what is the primary function of the SIJ? | allows the sacrum to transfer forces of body weight to the pelvis and LE
🗑
|
||||
| nutation is like | flexion
🗑
|
||||
| counternutation is like | extenstion
🗑
|
||||
| anterior rotation of the sacrum relative to each ilium is | nutation
🗑
|
||||
| posterior rotation of the sacrum relative to each ilium is | counternutation
🗑
|
||||
| vertebral joints open packed position is | half way between flexion and extension
🗑
|
||||
| vertebral joints closed packed position is | maximal extension (head back)
🗑
|
||||
| short-arc anterior rotation of the pelvis is | anterior pelvic tilt
🗑
|
||||
| name a tilt that extends the lumbar spine and increases lumbar lordosis. | anterior pelvic tilt
🗑
|
||||
| what muscles are shorten and lengthened in an anterior pelvic tilt? | hamstrings
🗑
|
||||
| what muscles are shorten and lengthened in an posterior pelvic tilt? | hip flexors
🗑
|
||||
| short-arc posterior rotation of the pelvis is | posterior pelvic tilt
🗑
|
||||
| what flexes the lumbar spine and decreases lumbar lordosis? | posterior pelvic tilt
🗑
|
||||
| during a sit-up what muscle group shares the responsibility of the motion with the abdominal muscles? | hip flexors
🗑
|
||||
| what type of isometric abdominal strengthening exercise can be performed that requires much less activation of the muscle group? | planks
🗑
|
||||
| what causes forward head posture? | sitting
🗑
|
||||
| cervical extensors become overstretched, suboccipital muscles become shortened which produces | forward head posture
🗑
|
||||
| uncontrolled acceleration at the head/ neck is | whiplash
🗑
|
||||
| degenerative disc disease = | dehydration of discs
🗑
|
||||
| abnormal frontal plane curvature is | scoliosis
🗑
|
||||
| potential migration of the intervertebral disc; aka bulging or slipped disc is called | herniated nucleus pulposus
🗑
|
||||
| narrowing of the intervertebral foramen is | stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| if your scalenes and/ or pectoralis minor muscles are tight, it may create pressure onto ---------- -----------, causing pain that leds down to the arm or hand, | neurovascular bundle
🗑
|
||||
| annulus fibrosus has ------ rings of fibrocartilage around the the nucleus pulposus, | 10-20
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Shannon10
Popular Physical Therapy sets