Stack #23559
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| What is an Amino acid | compound that contains an amino group and carboxylic group
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| protein/polypeptide | polymer of amino acids
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| Amino acids to protien / polypeptide | condensation, peptide bond
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| Exergonic | G negative, spontaneous
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| Endergonic | G positive, nonspontaneous
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| How can non - spontaneous rxn still occur | Cells couple nonfavorable metabolic processes to favorable ones so that the net change in free energy is negative
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| Why is water molecule polar | uneven distribution of charge, O neg, H positive
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| How many hydrogen bonds can water form | Can form 4, since it has 2 hydrogen atoms to donate to H-bond, and 2 pairs of electrons to accept
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| Relative strengths of bonds in biomolecules | covalent>ionic>hydrogen>vanderwalls
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| Vander walls interaction between 2 polar molecules | dipole -- dipole interaction
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| Vander walls interaction b/ween 2 nonpolar molecules | london dispersion forces
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| hydrophobic | water fearing, compound that lacks polar groups and is insoluble
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| What happens to entropy when hydrophobic molecule is dissolved | Entropy decrease, because water molecule not free to form H bonding
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| How can hydrphobic molecules increase entropy | aggregate
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| Hydrophobic effect | Water molecules repelled from nonpolar molecule form shell
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| amphipathic | molecule w/ both polar and non-polar regions
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| What happens when amphipathic molecules are added to water | polar molecules orient themselve toward water, and nonpolar aggregates due to hydrophobic effect
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| What are the concentration of H and OH in pure water | 1 x 10 ^ -7 M
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| What is the relationsip b/ween Ka and pKa | larger Ka, or lower pKa = stronger acids
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| Buffer | system of weak acids and its conjugate base, resist changes in pH
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| What happens at midpoint of titration | pH = pKa and [acid] = [conj.base]
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| how do you make a good buffer | pH needs to be w/in 1pH unit of pKa
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| physiological pH of human body | 6.9 - 7.4
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| Enzyme for H2CO3 buffer | carbonic anhydrase
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| Why are ATP bonds called high energy bonds | cleavage of the bond has a large negative free energy
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| Why cleavage of ATP bonds release eneryg | ATP hydrolisis products are more stable
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| the joining of Ala - Tyr is a | amide bond
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| under normal physiological conditions the N term of plypeptide chain looks like what | NH3+
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| whe pH > pKa what form is dominate | conj base, NH2 COO-
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| When pH < pKa what form is dominate | Acid, NH3+, COOH
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Created by:
treater