Unit XIII Neurosensory
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| Reception | Process of receiving stimuli or data
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| Kinesthetic | Awareness of the position and movement of body parts.
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| Stereognosis | Ability to perceive and understand an object through touch.
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| Sensory Perception | Conscious organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information.
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| Sensory Reception | Process of receiving stimuli or data.
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| Visceral sensory | Refers to any large organ within the body (eg. a full stomach)
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| Four aspects needed to be aware of the surroundings | Stimulus, Receptor, Impulse conduction, Perception
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| Stimulus | Agent or act that stimulates a nerve receptor
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| Receptor | Nerve cell converts the stimulus into nerve impulse. (Most are specific to only on type of stimulus)
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| Impulse conduction | Impulse travels along nerve pathways either to spinal cord or directly to the brain.
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| Perception | Awareness and interpretation of stimuli, takes place in the brain.
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| What does RAS stand for? | Reticular activating system
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| Where and what is the RAS? | Located in the brainstem and is thought to mediate the arousal mechanism. (alertness or sleepiness)
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| Awareness | The ability to perceive internal and external stimuli, and to respond appropriately through thought and action.
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| Full consciousness | Alert; oriented X 3; understands verbal written words
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| Disoriented | Not oriented to time, place, or person
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| Confused | Reduced awareness, easily bewildered; impaired judgement; poor memory, misinterprets stimuli
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| Somnolent | Extreme drowsiness but will respond to stimuli
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| Semicomatose | Can be aroused by extreme or repeated stimuli
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| Coma | Will not respond to verbal stimuli
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| Sensory deprivation | Decrease in or lack of meaningful stimuli. (Balance in RAS is disturbed and is unable to maintain normal stimuli)
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| Sensory overload | Occurs when a person in unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli.
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| Normal awareness | Able to handle multiple stimuli at once
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| Delirium | Acute confusion. Abrupt onset and can be treated to reverse confusion.
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| Dementia | Chronic confusion. Has symptoms that are gradual and irreversible.
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| Orientation X 4 (what are the 4?) | Time, place, person, and situation
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| Scale to measure LOC (Level of Consciousness) | Glaslow Coma Scale
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| Cranial Nerve I | Olfactory: Sense of smell
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| Cranial Nerve II | Optic: Vision / visual fields
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| Cranial Nerve III | Ocular Motor: Responsible for 4 of the 6 eye movements, eye lids, pupil reaction and accommodation
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| Cranial Nerve IV | Trochlear: Outward and downward eye movements
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| Cranial Nerve V | Trigemenal: Facial sensation, jaw movement, corneal reflex
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| Cranial Nerve VI | Abducens: Responsible for lateral eye movement
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| Cranial Nerve VII | Facial: Facial symmetry, raise eyebrows, close eyes tight, smile, puff cheeks, taste and the ability to identify sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
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| Cranial Nerve VIII | Auditory: Hearing and balance
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| Cranial Nerve IX | Glossopharangeal: tongue movement, taste posterior to tongue.
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| Cranial Nerve X | Vagus: Sensation of larynx and pharynx, swallowing, vocal cord movement
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| Cranial Nerve XI | Spinal Accessory: Shrugging shoulders, turning head
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| Cranial Nerve XII | Hypoglossal: Protrusion of the tongue, movement of tongue side to side while protruded.
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| Aphasia | Any defects in loss of the power to express oneself by speech, writing, or signs, or to comprehend spoken or written language due to disease or injury of the cerebral cortex.
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| Two types of aphasia | Sensory/receptive aphasia and motor/expressive aphasia
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| Sensory/Receptive aphasia | Loss of the ability to comprehend written or spoken words. Auditory or visual.
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| Motor/Expressive aphasia | Loss of the power to express oneself by writing, making signs, or speaking. Can understand words, but cannot combine speech sounds into words.
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| Cranial nerves that are tested together | III & IV & VI and IX & X
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