biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| cell theory | the theory that states that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells
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| cytoplasm | the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
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| organelle | one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
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| prokaryotic cell | a cell that does not have a nucleus or cell organelles; an example is a bacterial cell
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| eukaryotic cell | a cell that has a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle
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| cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division
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| nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction
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| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
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| ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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| golgi apparatus | a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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| vesicle | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
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| mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
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| vacuole | a fluid-filled vesicle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells or protozoans
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| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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| centriole | an organelle that is active during mitosis
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| cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
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| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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| fluid mosaic model |
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| selective permeability |
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| receptor | a specialized sensory nerve that responds to specific types of stimuli
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| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
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| osmosis | the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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| isotonic | solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell
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| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| hypotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell
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| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
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| active transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy
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| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
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| phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food
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| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
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