Biology
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| cell theory | a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the sum of those of its cells.
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| cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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| organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
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| prokaryotic cell | any of the typically unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and that are classified as a kingdom
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| eukaryotic cell | An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosome.
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| Cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division
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| nucleus | in physical science, an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
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| Ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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| Golgi apparatus |
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| Vesicle | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
vessel
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| Mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
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| vacuole | a fluid-filled vesicle found in the cytoplasm of plant cells or protozoans
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| lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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| centriole | an organelle that is active during mitosis
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| cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
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| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment
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| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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| fluid mosaic model |
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| selective permeability |
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| receptor |
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| passive transport |
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| diffusion |
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| concentration gradient |
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| osmosis |
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| isotonic |
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| hypertonic |
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| hypotonic |
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| facilitated diffusion |
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| active transport |
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| endocytosis |
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| phagocytosis |
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| exocytosis |
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