ML Chapter 3
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| The amazing person that made this StudyStack | Ashley B-Modified by Mr. W
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| Ecology | The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment
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| species | a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
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| population | a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
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| community | all the interacting living components of an ecosystem, think food web, symbiotic relationships, competition, etc
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| habitat | place where the species live
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| ecosystem | all the organisms that live in an area with their physical environments
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| biome | a group of ecosystems that share a similar climate and have a typical types of biodiviersity
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| biotic factors | anything living in an environment
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| abiotic factors | any nonliving part in an ecosystem
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| environment | all conditions or factors surrounding an organism
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| observation | first step to ask about technology
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| experimentation | used to test hypothesis
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| models | pictures, diagrams, computer programs, etc that are used to help explain a concept and can be used to make predictions
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| Autotroph/primary producers | use the sun to make there own food
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| chemoautotrophs | chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
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| photosynthesis | captures light energy and uses it to power chemical reactions to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen
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| heterotrophs | rely on other organisms for their energy
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| consumer | those eat other organisms
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| herbivores | eats plants
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| omnivores | eats both plants and animals
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| carnivores | eats animals
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| detritivores | feed on detritus often obtaining extra nutrients from the bacteria,algae, and other microorganisms that grow on and around it
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| decomposers | feed by chemically breaking down organic matter
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| scavengers | animals that consume the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of other causes
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| food chain | a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and getting eaten
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| foodweb | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationship among various organisms in an ecosystem
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| phytoplankton | floating algae
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| zooplankton | diverse group of small swimming animals
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| trophic level | each step of the food web or food web
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| ecological pyramids | show the amount of energy or matter contained within each trophic level
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| energy pyramid | a model that shows the distribution of energy in an ecosystem.
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| 10% rule | the process in which 10% of the energy in each trophic level gets passed on to the next
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| trophic cascade | is when one disruption to the food web causes a chain of events to happen
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| biogeochemical cycles | closed loops that elements pass from one organism to the next through
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| water cycle | the process of how water moves
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| condensation | the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid
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| precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground
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| transpiration | process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves
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| evaporation | process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure
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| respiration | breathing
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| nutrients | a substances that are essential for growth and maintenance of life
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| carbon/oxygen cycle | process of carbon dioxide/oxygen changing forms as it is used in the ecosystem
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| equation of life | 6H20 + 6CO2 <--->C6H12O6 + 6O2
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| nitrogen cycle | the process of Nitrogen changing form and being conserved as it is used in the ecosystem
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| nitrogen fixation/ammonification | turning gaseous nitrogen into a form that can be used by bacteria and other life forms
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| denitrification | the process of bacteria converting nitrogen gas into ammonia
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| assimilation | turning inorganic nitrogen into organic forms(nucleic acids and proteins)
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| bacteria | are microorganisms important for the nitrogen cycle and decomposition
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| phosphorus cycle | the process of rocks and sediments wearing down and releasing phosphorus
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| dissolved phosphorus | ionic phosphorus dissolved in the water.
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| limiting nutrients | any nutrient that a lack there of will prevent growth or life
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| stream chemistry | all the different chemical properties that affect the quality of the aquatic environment.
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| parameters | the acceptable range of different properties of the stream
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| pH | a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale
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| buffer | a solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it
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| DO | the amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) dissolved in the water
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| dead zones | a place with no life as a result of a lack of O2
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| hypoxia | a deficiency in O2
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| pollution | the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.
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| fertilizers | a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility
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| nutrient loading | increasing the level of nutrients to the environment at a level faster than they can be consumed in a healthy ecosystem
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| discharge | the amount of water that passes a point during a certain period of time.
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| eutrophication | excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen
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| concentration | the measure of the amount of a solute(nutrient or pollutant) in a solution
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| nitrification | process of turning ammonia or ammonium to nitrates
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| biospere | the earth
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