Elbow, Wrist and Hand
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| Spool shape structure located on medial side of distal humerus; articulates with ulna (humeroulnar joint) | trochlea
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| Small pit located superior to trochlea; accepts coronoid process of ulna | coronoid fossa
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| Lateral to the trochlea; articulates head of radius to form humeral joint | capitulum
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| Four bones related to function of elbow and forearm | scapula, distal humerus, ulna , radius
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| Proximal attachment for most wrist flexor muscles; pronator teres and medial collateral ligament (elbow) | medial epicondyle
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| Proximal attachment for most extensor muscles; supinator and lateral collateral ligament (elbow) | lateral epicondyle
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| Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges are located in | distal humerus
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| Olecranon fossa located in | distal humerus
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| Medial collateral ligament equals | ulnar
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| Lateral collateral ligament equals | radius
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| Olecranon progress is the | distal attachment for triceps muscles
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| Jaw-like curvature of proximal ulna; articulates with trochlea | trochlea notch
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| The articulation of humeroulnar joint by grabbing the trochlea | coronoid process
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| Articulates radial head to form proximal radioulnar joint | radial notch
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| Distal end of ulna | styloid process
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| Articulates with humeral capitulum; forms humeradial joint | radial head
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| Primary distal attachment for biceps brachii | bicipital tuberosity (radial tuberosity )
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| Styloid process is located on the | radius
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| Ulnar notch is located on the | radius
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| Provides elbow stability; hinge joint | humeroulnar joint
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| Formed by capitulum and articulates with fovea; continuous contraction between radial head and capitulum ( supination, pronation, flexion and extension ) | humeroradial joint
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| The longitudinal axis of humerus and forearm (humerus connects to ulna and radius) | carrying angle
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| Outward angulation of forearm (frontal plane) | cubitis valgus
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| Called "carrying angle" because it keeps a carried object away from from body | cubitis valgus
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| Male normal ranges for cubitis valgus | 10-15 degrees
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| Female normal ranges for cubitis valgus | 20-25 degrees
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| Encloses humeroradial, humeroulnar and radioulnar joints | articular capsule
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| Provides stability by resisting cubitis valgus | medial collateral ligament
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| Originates on lateral epicondyle and splits into radial collateral ligament | lateral collateral ligament
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| Which ligament attaches to annular ligament and medial ulnar collateral ligament | lateral collateral ligament
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| Elbow flexion and extension occur in_________ plane about _________ axis of rotation | saggital, medial-lateral
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| Elbow joint range of motion is | 5 degrees beyond extension to 145 flexion
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| Most elbow activities use | 100 degree arc of motion ; between 30-130 degrees of flexion
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| Position of comfort is | 70-90 degrees
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| Compare elbow flexion with extension to get the different types of | end feel
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| Joints that work together to perform supination and pronation of forearm (2) | proximal and distal radioulnar joints
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| Holds the radial head against the ulna; spinning freely during supination and pronation | annular ligament
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| Palmar and dorsal capsular ligaments reinforced by | distal radioulnar joint capsule
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| A site for muscular attachment and transmit forces proximal through the forearm | interosseous membrane
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| Nurse's maid elbow is | annular ligament
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| The 0 or neutral position of the forearm is | thumb up position
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| Thumb up position for supination is ________, and pronation is _________ | 80-85 degrees (supination), 75-80 degrees (pronation)
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| Radius moves and ulna stays | fixed (stationary)
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| Radius head spins in place, in the direction of the moving | thumb
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| Distal radius rolls and slides in same direction to | ulnar head
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| Fibers transmit compressive forces from hand to upper arm through the | interosseous membrane
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| Push up actions create compressive force through the hand to wrist, _______ is transmitted through radius at radiocarpal joint | 80% (interosseous membrane )
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| What and where is passed up through the radius and shared with ulna; transferred to shoulder | force, interosseous membrane
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| Humeroulnar open packed position __________ and closed packed position _______________ | (open)- 70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination
(closed)- full extension and supination
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| Humeroradial open packed position __________ and closed packed position ________________ | (open)- full extension and supination
(closed)- 90 degrees flexion , 5 degrees supination
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| Distal radioulnar open packed position ___________ and closed packed position _________________ | (open)- 10 degrees supination
(closed)- 5 degrees supination
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| Proximal radioulnar open packed position __________ and closed packed position _____________ | (open)- 70 degrees flexion, 35 degrees supination
(closed)- 5 degrees supination , full extension
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| Supplies elbow flexors; except brachioradialis and pronator teres | musculocutaneous nerve
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| Supplies all muscles that extend elbow and wrist | radial nerve
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| Supplies all pronator of the forearm and wrist flexors; (phalanges 1-3) | median nerve
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| What are the elbow flexors (3) | biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
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| Name a secondary elbow flexor | pronator teres
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| Brachialis does not __________ or ____________ the forearm | supinate or pronate
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| Brachialis is needed for ___________, if supination is required biceps brachii is recruited | flexion
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| What are the elbow extensors (2) | triceps brachii and aconeus
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| What are the primary supinators (2) | biceps brachii and supinator
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| What are the secondary supinators (2) | extensor longus pollicis and extensor indicis
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| Effectiveness of biceps brachii (supinator) is greatest when elbow is flexed to | 90 degrees
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| What are the primary pronators (2) | pronator teres and pronator quadratus
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| When pronator teres is activated, elbow will flex unless neutralized by __________ muscles | triceps
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| Tommy John Surgey is what kind of condition | ulnar collateral ligament rupture
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| MCL injuries is what kind of condition | pulled elbow syndrome
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| What makes up the osteology of the wrist (3) | distal ulna , distal radius, carpal bones
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| What is the name of the dorsal aspect of the radius | Lister's tubercule
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| How many carpal bones are there | 8 bones
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| What are the names of the proximal row carpal bones (4) | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pistiform
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| What are the names of the distal row carpal bones (4) | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
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| Bones within the proximal row are_________ joined; strong ligaments bind distal row | loosely
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| Which row provides stability and ridge brace for articulations with metacarpal bones | distal row
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| Formed by transverse carpal ligament bridging the palmar side (carpal bones) | carpal tunnel
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| A passageway that helps protect the median nerve and tendons of flexor muscles of digits | carpal tunnel
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| What joint's proximal part consists of the concave surface of the radius and articular disc | radiocarpal joint
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| What distal part consists primarily of the convex articular proximal surface of scaphoid and lunate | radiocarpal joint
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| Name the space that helps buffer forces that cross the wrist | ulnocarpal space
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| What complex is located in the ulnocarpal space | triangular fibrocartilage complex
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| Name the articulation that is formed between the head of capitate and distal surfaces of scaphoid and lunate | midcarpal joint
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| What are the 3 joints that make up the arthrology of the wrist | radiocarpal joint, midcarpal joint and intercarpal joints
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| Dorsal radiocarpal ligaments resists extremes of | flexion
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| Radial collateral ligament resists extremes of | ulnar deviation
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| Palmer radiocarpal ligament resists extremes of | wrist extension
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| Ulnar collateral ligament resists extremes of | radial deviation
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| __________ ligaments have proximal attachments outside carpal bones, but attach distal within carpal bones | extrinsic
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| ___________ ligaments have both proximal and distal attachments located within carpal bones | intrinsic
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| If the wrist becomes unstable, pain and weakness jepardize the | hand
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| Name the 4 primary motions of the wrist | flexion and extension
ulnar and radial deviation
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| In the wrist, what plane does flexion and extension occur | saggital plane
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| In the wrist, how much flexion and extension | 70-80 degrees of flexion
60-70 degrees of extension
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| In the wrist, how much ulnar and radial deviation | 30-35 degrees of ulnar deviation
15-20 degrees of radial deviation
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| In the wrist, what plane does ulnar and radial deviation occur | frontal plane
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| How many degrees of freedom are allowed at the wrist | 2
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| The axis of rotation occurs at the head of | capitate
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| In an open chain position is flexion/ extension occurring convex-on-concave or concave -on-convex | convex-on-concave (roll-n-slide in opposite directions)
ex) radial and carpals
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| How do the arthrokinematics of ulnar / radial deviation differ from flexion and extension | convex-on-concave
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| Radiocarpal joint open packed position _____________ and closed packed position __________ | (open)- neutral and ulnar deviation
(closed)- full extension and radial deviation
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| Midcarpal joint open packed position ___________ and closed packed position _______________ | (open)- neutral and flexion, ulnar deviation
(closed)- full extension
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| Radial nerve innervates the | wrist
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| Median and ulnar nerve innervates all primary | wrist flexor muscles
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| Name the (3) wrist extensors that originate from the lateral epicondyle | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
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| Name the (3) wrist flexors that originate from the medial epicondyle | flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
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| How is pure flexion achieved | activities of the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris
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| Name the radial and ulnar deviator wrist muscles (4) | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris
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| What muscles are used for grasp and controlling objects in the hands (4) | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris
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| Name (3) conditions of the wrist | medial and lateral epicondylitis , Colles fracture (distal radial fracture), and carpal tunnel syndrome
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