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Stack #2331666
Elbow, Wrist and Hand
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spool shape structure located on medial side of distal humerus; articulates with ulna (humeroulnar joint) | trochlea |
| Small pit located superior to trochlea; accepts coronoid process of ulna | coronoid fossa |
| Lateral to the trochlea; articulates head of radius to form humeral joint | capitulum |
| Four bones related to function of elbow and forearm | scapula, distal humerus, ulna , radius |
| Proximal attachment for most wrist flexor muscles; pronator teres and medial collateral ligament (elbow) | medial epicondyle |
| Proximal attachment for most extensor muscles; supinator and lateral collateral ligament (elbow) | lateral epicondyle |
| Medial and lateral supracondylar ridges are located in | distal humerus |
| Olecranon fossa located in | distal humerus |
| Medial collateral ligament equals | ulnar |
| Lateral collateral ligament equals | radius |
| Olecranon progress is the | distal attachment for triceps muscles |
| Jaw-like curvature of proximal ulna; articulates with trochlea | trochlea notch |
| The articulation of humeroulnar joint by grabbing the trochlea | coronoid process |
| Articulates radial head to form proximal radioulnar joint | radial notch |
| Distal end of ulna | styloid process |
| Articulates with humeral capitulum; forms humeradial joint | radial head |
| Primary distal attachment for biceps brachii | bicipital tuberosity (radial tuberosity ) |
| Styloid process is located on the | radius |
| Ulnar notch is located on the | radius |
| Provides elbow stability; hinge joint | humeroulnar joint |
| Formed by capitulum and articulates with fovea; continuous contraction between radial head and capitulum ( supination, pronation, flexion and extension ) | humeroradial joint |
| The longitudinal axis of humerus and forearm (humerus connects to ulna and radius) | carrying angle |
| Outward angulation of forearm (frontal plane) | cubitis valgus |
| Called "carrying angle" because it keeps a carried object away from from body | cubitis valgus |
| Male normal ranges for cubitis valgus | 10-15 degrees |
| Female normal ranges for cubitis valgus | 20-25 degrees |
| Encloses humeroradial, humeroulnar and radioulnar joints | articular capsule |
| Provides stability by resisting cubitis valgus | medial collateral ligament |
| Originates on lateral epicondyle and splits into radial collateral ligament | lateral collateral ligament |
| Which ligament attaches to annular ligament and medial ulnar collateral ligament | lateral collateral ligament |
| Elbow flexion and extension occur in_________ plane about _________ axis of rotation | saggital, medial-lateral |
| Elbow joint range of motion is | 5 degrees beyond extension to 145 flexion |
| Most elbow activities use | 100 degree arc of motion ; between 30-130 degrees of flexion |
| Position of comfort is | 70-90 degrees |
| Compare elbow flexion with extension to get the different types of | end feel |
| Joints that work together to perform supination and pronation of forearm (2) | proximal and distal radioulnar joints |
| Holds the radial head against the ulna; spinning freely during supination and pronation | annular ligament |
| Palmar and dorsal capsular ligaments reinforced by | distal radioulnar joint capsule |
| A site for muscular attachment and transmit forces proximal through the forearm | interosseous membrane |
| Nurse's maid elbow is | annular ligament |
| The 0 or neutral position of the forearm is | thumb up position |
| Thumb up position for supination is ________, and pronation is _________ | 80-85 degrees (supination), 75-80 degrees (pronation) |
| Radius moves and ulna stays | fixed (stationary) |
| Radius head spins in place, in the direction of the moving | thumb |
| Distal radius rolls and slides in same direction to | ulnar head |
| Fibers transmit compressive forces from hand to upper arm through the | interosseous membrane |
| Push up actions create compressive force through the hand to wrist, _______ is transmitted through radius at radiocarpal joint | 80% (interosseous membrane ) |
| What and where is passed up through the radius and shared with ulna; transferred to shoulder | force, interosseous membrane |
| Humeroulnar open packed position __________ and closed packed position _______________ | (open)- 70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination (closed)- full extension and supination |
| Humeroradial open packed position __________ and closed packed position ________________ | (open)- full extension and supination (closed)- 90 degrees flexion , 5 degrees supination |
| Distal radioulnar open packed position ___________ and closed packed position _________________ | (open)- 10 degrees supination (closed)- 5 degrees supination |
| Proximal radioulnar open packed position __________ and closed packed position _____________ | (open)- 70 degrees flexion, 35 degrees supination (closed)- 5 degrees supination , full extension |
| Supplies elbow flexors; except brachioradialis and pronator teres | musculocutaneous nerve |
| Supplies all muscles that extend elbow and wrist | radial nerve |
| Supplies all pronator of the forearm and wrist flexors; (phalanges 1-3) | median nerve |
| What are the elbow flexors (3) | biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis |
| Name a secondary elbow flexor | pronator teres |
| Brachialis does not __________ or ____________ the forearm | supinate or pronate |
| Brachialis is needed for ___________, if supination is required biceps brachii is recruited | flexion |
| What are the elbow extensors (2) | triceps brachii and aconeus |
| What are the primary supinators (2) | biceps brachii and supinator |
| What are the secondary supinators (2) | extensor longus pollicis and extensor indicis |
| Effectiveness of biceps brachii (supinator) is greatest when elbow is flexed to | 90 degrees |
| What are the primary pronators (2) | pronator teres and pronator quadratus |
| When pronator teres is activated, elbow will flex unless neutralized by __________ muscles | triceps |
| Tommy John Surgey is what kind of condition | ulnar collateral ligament rupture |
| MCL injuries is what kind of condition | pulled elbow syndrome |
| What makes up the osteology of the wrist (3) | distal ulna , distal radius, carpal bones |
| What is the name of the dorsal aspect of the radius | Lister's tubercule |
| How many carpal bones are there | 8 bones |
| What are the names of the proximal row carpal bones (4) | scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pistiform |
| What are the names of the distal row carpal bones (4) | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
| Bones within the proximal row are_________ joined; strong ligaments bind distal row | loosely |
| Which row provides stability and ridge brace for articulations with metacarpal bones | distal row |
| Formed by transverse carpal ligament bridging the palmar side (carpal bones) | carpal tunnel |
| A passageway that helps protect the median nerve and tendons of flexor muscles of digits | carpal tunnel |
| What joint's proximal part consists of the concave surface of the radius and articular disc | radiocarpal joint |
| What distal part consists primarily of the convex articular proximal surface of scaphoid and lunate | radiocarpal joint |
| Name the space that helps buffer forces that cross the wrist | ulnocarpal space |
| What complex is located in the ulnocarpal space | triangular fibrocartilage complex |
| Name the articulation that is formed between the head of capitate and distal surfaces of scaphoid and lunate | midcarpal joint |
| What are the 3 joints that make up the arthrology of the wrist | radiocarpal joint, midcarpal joint and intercarpal joints |
| Dorsal radiocarpal ligaments resists extremes of | flexion |
| Radial collateral ligament resists extremes of | ulnar deviation |
| Palmer radiocarpal ligament resists extremes of | wrist extension |
| Ulnar collateral ligament resists extremes of | radial deviation |
| __________ ligaments have proximal attachments outside carpal bones, but attach distal within carpal bones | extrinsic |
| ___________ ligaments have both proximal and distal attachments located within carpal bones | intrinsic |
| If the wrist becomes unstable, pain and weakness jepardize the | hand |
| Name the 4 primary motions of the wrist | flexion and extension ulnar and radial deviation |
| In the wrist, what plane does flexion and extension occur | saggital plane |
| In the wrist, how much flexion and extension | 70-80 degrees of flexion 60-70 degrees of extension |
| In the wrist, how much ulnar and radial deviation | 30-35 degrees of ulnar deviation 15-20 degrees of radial deviation |
| In the wrist, what plane does ulnar and radial deviation occur | frontal plane |
| How many degrees of freedom are allowed at the wrist | 2 |
| The axis of rotation occurs at the head of | capitate |
| In an open chain position is flexion/ extension occurring convex-on-concave or concave -on-convex | convex-on-concave (roll-n-slide in opposite directions) ex) radial and carpals |
| How do the arthrokinematics of ulnar / radial deviation differ from flexion and extension | convex-on-concave |
| Radiocarpal joint open packed position _____________ and closed packed position __________ | (open)- neutral and ulnar deviation (closed)- full extension and radial deviation |
| Midcarpal joint open packed position ___________ and closed packed position _______________ | (open)- neutral and flexion, ulnar deviation (closed)- full extension |
| Radial nerve innervates the | wrist |
| Median and ulnar nerve innervates all primary | wrist flexor muscles |
| Name the (3) wrist extensors that originate from the lateral epicondyle | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris |
| Name the (3) wrist flexors that originate from the medial epicondyle | flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus |
| How is pure flexion achieved | activities of the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris |
| Name the radial and ulnar deviator wrist muscles (4) | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris |
| What muscles are used for grasp and controlling objects in the hands (4) | extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi ulnaris |
| Name (3) conditions of the wrist | medial and lateral epicondylitis , Colles fracture (distal radial fracture), and carpal tunnel syndrome |
Created by:
Shannon10
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