Chapter 10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Parazoa | a member of the subkingdom of invertebrate animals that includes sponges.
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| Eumetazoa | a clade comprising all major animal groups except sponges, placozoa, and several other obscure or extinct life forms, such as Dickinsonia.
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| Bilateral symmetry | a body plan in which both sides around the central axis mirror each other
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| Radial symmetry | a body plan in which there is a central disc with other body parts radiating from the center
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| Phylum Porifera | Possess 1-3 body forms: Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid; The body form is based on the folding of the body wall with the Asconoid form being the least folded; also classified into 3 classes Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae
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| Calcarea | contains sponges with spicules made of calcium carbonate and Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid body forms
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| Hexactinellida | contains sponges with spicules made of silica and a Syconoid body form
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| Demospongiae | are sponges with spicules made of calcium and spongin (collagen) and which possess a Leuconoid body form
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| Metagenesis | alternation of generations between sexual and asexual reproduction; exhibit both body forms in their life cycle
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| Obelia | life cycle of cnidarians
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| cniodcyst | stinging cells that tentacles have
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| cnidae/nematocysts | capsules that cnidocysts have that extend and sting prey when the cnidocysts are stimulated
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| Phylum Cnidaria | Includes jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones and coral animals
Acoelomate; Diploblastic, eumetazoans with radial symmetry; Possess an oral (mouth/anus) and aboral (base) axis
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| Cnidarians are classified into three classes: | Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, and Anthozoa
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| Class Hydrozoa | Most are metagenic and colonial; Obelia and Physalia. A notable, freshwater exception is Hydra which is solitary and basically only a polyp
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| Class Scyphozoa | Dominated by marine cnidarians with the medusa body form.
These are sometimes referred to as the “True Jellyfish” (Aurelia is a typical example).
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| Class Anthozoa | Contains both solitary and colonial members in which the medusa stage is completely absent, This class includes the hard corals (brain and staghorn), anemones, and soft corals (sea fans, sea pansies and sea whips).
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