Biology - Ecology Unit
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| population | all the individuals of a single species that live in a specific area
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| community | a combination of all the different populations that live and interact in the same environment
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| biotic | the living parts of the environment
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| abiotic | nonliving parts of the environment
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| species | a group of organisms that share certain characteristics and can mate with one another, producing fertile offspring
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| ecosystem | all the living and nonliving things that interact in a specific area; a subdivision of the environment
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| niche | the specific role played by an organism in its ecosystem
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| habitat | the place where an animal or plant lives
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| autotroph | an organism that produces its own food; the source of energy for all other living things on Earth
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| heterotroph | the organism that cannot make its own food; a consumer
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| producer | an organism that makes its own food from light energy and inorganic materials
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| consumer | an organism that obtains its energy from producers
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| decomposer | an organism, generally a bacterium or fungus, that consumes dead organisms and organic waste
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| herbivore | an organism that eats only plants
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| carnivore | an organism that survives by eating animals
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| tundra | characterized by permafrost (frozen subsoil), strong winds, low precipitation, short and soggy summers, long, cold and dark winters; poor soil
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| taiga | biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather; dominated by coniferous evergreens; also called boreal forest
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| desert | have less than 25 cm of rain annually, extreme daily temperature changes, soils rich in mineral but poor in organic material
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| rainforest | 2 meters of rain per year, tall trees from dense, leafy canopy, organic matter on forest floor is recycled and reused quickly so the soil is not very rich in nutrients
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| grassland | aka savanna - receives more rain than deserts but less than dry forests, warm and hot summer, cold winter, fertile soils, frequent fires
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| deciduous forest | trees that shed leaves during a particular season of each year
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| pioneer organism | the first organisms to become established in a new habitat
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| symbiosis | relationship in which two species live close together
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| succession | changes over time (in an environment)
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| saprophyte | a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter
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| omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals
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| predator | an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food
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| prey | an animal that is hunted and killed by predators
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| food web | a representation of many interconnected food chains that shows the feeding relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers
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| food chain | a representation that identifies the specific feeding relationships among organisms
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| nitrogen fixing bacteria | process by which nitrogen forms compounds that be used by living things (bacteria in legumes that convert nitrogen to ammonia)
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| nitrifying bacteria | group of aerobic bacteria that use inorganic chemicals as an energy source
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| denitrifying bacteria | process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere
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| parasite | an organism that survives by living and feeding on other organisms
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| prey | an animal that is hunted and killed by predators
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| host | the organism in a parasitic relationship that provides a home and/or food for the parasite
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| legume | plants, such as peanuts and peas, that have bacteria on their roots used to convert nitrogen gas to ammonia (nitrogen fixation)
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| lichen | symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
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| conifer | tree that produces seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles
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| scavengers | a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms
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| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
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| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship
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| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it
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| biome | large groups of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms; examples include the tundra, taiga, temperate forest, chaparral, tropical rain forest, desert, temperate grassland, tropical savanna grassland, and polar and high-mountain ice
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| biosphere | all of Earth's ecosystems, collectively; the biologically inhabited portions of Earth, including all of the water, land, and air in which organisms survive
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| transpiration | the process whereby plants absorb water through their roots and eliminate it through tiny pores on the undersides of their leaves
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| competition | the struggle between organisms for the same limited resources in a particular area
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| climax community | a relatively diverse and stable ecosystem that is the end result of succession
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| selective breeding | the process of choosing a few organisms with desirable traits to serve as the parents of the next generation
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| photosynthesis | the process by which some organisms are able to capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water
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Created by:
WGZimm
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