Pain management
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| Heat produces? | Vasodilation
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| Heat applications usually used to? | Speed healing, and provide comfort.
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| Cold produces? | Vasoconstriction.
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| Hot, Moist compress- | solution is heated to the appropriate temp., gauze or cloth is dipped into solution and then applied to the designated area.
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| How are hot moist compress' done if there is an open wound? | Sterile technique.
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| What are the benefits of a hot moist compress? | Increase of circulation, decrease of edema, and consolidate any purulent drainage to the top.(If present)
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| Warm Soak- | Immerse a body part in a warm solution or wrapping body part in a dressing that has been saturated w/ a warm solution.
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| What temp is appropriate for a warm soak? | 105-110 F
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| Which age groups are more sensitive to Hot & Cold therapy? | Older adults, Young children, babies, and diabetics.
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| What affect does age play in the use of heat therapy? | Risk of burns. Older pts. have reduced sensitivity to pain.
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| What can happen if heat is applied to an abscessed tooth, or inflamed appendix? | It could rupture, infection is highly localized. Application of heat potentially causes a spread of microorganisms systematically.
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| Why does cold therapy present a increased risk of injury to diabetics? | Body extremitites are less sensitive to temp and pain stimuli because of circulatory impairment.
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| Cold therapy- | Compromises blood flow.
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| When is cold therapy contradicted? | Edema. Impaired circulation. and nerve damage.
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| When is a parafin bath indicated? | Painful arthritis or other joint pain.
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| What is the recommended temp for cold compress? | 15 c
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| What is an aquathermia pad? | Safer than a heating pad, water proof plastic blanket, used to heat area affected. (KPAD)
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| How do you use a k pad? | Insert plastic key into the temp regulator, set the temp for the pad, and it will heat to that temp.
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| What is the reccomended temp for the k pad? | 105-110 f
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| What are three adverse reactions to cold compress? | Erythema, burning sensation, and numbness.
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| What is referred pain? | Pain that is felt at a site other than the injured or disease organ. EX. Heart attack- left arm&Jaw pain.
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| What is pain? | Unpleasant stimulation caused by noxious stimuli.
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| What is a synergistic relationship? | Actions of two or more organs or substances achieving an effect not by individual organ or substance.
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| How does a synergistic relationship affect a patients ability to manage pain? | combination of more than 1 disease can remarkably change a persons perception of pain.
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| What is an endorphin? | Bodily produced morphine-like substances.
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| What is neuropathic pain? | is a complex, chronic pain state that usually is accompanied by tissue injury. With neuropathic pain, the nerve fibers themselves might be damaged, dysfunctional, or injured. These damaged nerve fibers send incorrect signals to other pain centers.
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| What is nociceptive pain? | Nociceptive pain is caused by damage to body tissue and usually described as a sharp, aching, or throbbing pain.
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| What is somatic pain? | Somatic pain is also referred to as skin pain, tissue pain or muscle pain.
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| What is visceral pain? | Visceral structures are highly sensitive to distension, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain such as cutting or burning.
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| What is cutaneous pain? | Superficial somatic pain is caused by stimulation of structures in the skin that sense pain (pain receptors). It is with that in mind that superficial somatic pain is also called cutaneous pain.
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| What is gate control? | suggests that pain impulses are regulated and even blocked by gating mechanisms located along the (CNS) dorsal horn in Spinal cord.
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