Inflammatory GI Diseases
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| What is appendicitis? | Acute inflammation of the veriform appendix that occurs most often among young adults.
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| What causes appendicitis? | Inflammation occurs when the lumen of the appendix is obstructed, leading to infection as bacteria invade the cell wall of the appendix.
Ex of Obstruction: Fecaliths, Helminths, Tumors
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| What are fecaliths and helminthes? | Fecalith: Very hard pieces of feces, composed of calcium phosphate-rich mucus and inorganic salts.
Helminthes: Worms
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| How does appendix obstruction cause inflammation? | When the lumen is blocked, the mucosa secrets fluid which increases the internal pressure and restricting blood flow
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| What complications can occur because of appendicitis? | When slowly blocked, an abscess may develop
When rapidly blocked, peritonitis may result
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| What is the difference between appendicitis and gastroenteritis? | Gastroenteritis: Nausea or vomiting may occur before abdominal pain
Appendicitis: Abdominal pain occurs before nausea and vomiting
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| What type of pain accompanies appendicitis? | Cramp-like pain in epigastric or periumbilical area is classic.
Initially, pain can present anywhere in the abdomen or flank area. As inflammation worsens, pain becomes more steady and severe and shifts to RLQ
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| What type of pain suggests perforation or peritonitis? | Abdominal pain that increases with a cough or movement and is relieved by bending the right hip or the knee
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| What abnormal lab value accompanies appendicitis? | Moderate elevation in WBC with shift to the left (10,000-18,000)
When over 20,000, it may indicate a perforated appendix
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