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Psych vocab Oct 2016

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Term
Definition
Neuron   nerve cells  
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Dendrite   branch off the nerve cell where other cells receive impulses  
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Axon   thread like part of the cell that sends a revives impulses throughout the body  
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Axon terminal   connecting point of the nerve cells  
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Action potential   the change of election potential  
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Resting potential   amount of energy when not stimulated or in the passage of impulse  
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All-or-none principle   strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus  
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Synapse   a meeting point between two nerve cells  
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Neurotransmitter   a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure  
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Sensory nerves   carries sensory information toward the central nervous system  
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Interneurons   a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc  
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Antagonist   a muscle whose action counteracts that of another specified muscle.  
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Agonist   a muscle whose contraction moves a part of the body directly.  
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Central nervous system (CNS)   the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord  
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)   consists of the nerves and ganglia on the outside of the brain and spinal cord.  
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Somatic nervous system   peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements.  
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Autonomic nervous system   the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.  
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Sympathetic division   one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the parasympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system functions to regulate the body's unconscious actions.  
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Parasympathetic division   A division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), along with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enteric nervous system  
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Endocrine system   Refers to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs.  
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21. Hormone   a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action  
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Pituitary gland   the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.  
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Nervous system   the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.  
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Soma   the parts of an organism other than the reproductive cells. The body as distinct from the soul, mind, or psyche.  
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Myelin sheath   A fatty white substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.  
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Refractory period   a period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation.  
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